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Backward Recovery (UNDO):In this system the uncommitted changes made by a transaction to a database are undone. Instead the system is reset to the last consistent state of database that is free from any errors.
What is conceptual model ? A conceptual model is a independent of both hardware and software.
There are three main sources of utilities and applications for a DBMS: a. Vendor applications and utilities are given for working with or maintaining the database, and generally
What is Oracle databse structure? Oracle database structure: The relational model has three main aspects: Structures: Structures are well-defined objects which store th
Explain the Deferred Update The deferred update methods do not physically update the database on disk till after a transaction reaches its commit point; after that the updates
What is the meaning of Recovery? In deferred update methods, if a transaction fails before arriving its commit point, it will not have altered the database in any way, so UNDO
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
Differentiate between Primary and secondary storage? Primary and secondary storage - Primary storage device stores the data temporarily. Primary storage is commonly used thro
What are the disadvantages of relational data ? Disadvantages • Performance - If the number of tables among that relationships to be established are large and the tables t
explain in details about one to one binary relationship
What is trigger Triggers are statements that are implemented automatically by the system as the side effect of a change to the database.
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