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Backward Recovery (UNDO):In this system the uncommitted changes made by a transaction to a database are undone. Instead the system is reset to the last consistent state of database that is free from any errors.
explain in detail about time stamp orderting/
we need example of 2phase locking
What is a transaction ? The Transaction is a unit of data processing. For instance, many of the transactions at a bank may be withdrawal or deposit of money; transfer of money f
During the deletion of a tuple two cases can happen: Deletion of tuple in relation having the foreign key: In this type of case simply delete the desired tuple. For example, in
Explain Dynamic Two-Phase Locking Here a transaction locks a data item instantly earlier than any operation is applied on the data item. After finishing all the operations on
What are the disadvantages of relational approach? Disadvantages of relational approach: • Substantial hardware and system software overhead • May not fit all business models •
Explain the paths in the association network We can analyze use of paths in the association network as given below: Calculate each operation Find associations whic
Explain CNT in the respects of QBE ? CNT: It is one of the aggregation commands given in QBE. It is used to identify number of tuples
Explain Clustering file organization (i) Determine if a record of file is physically ordered on a nonkey field - that does not comprise a different value for each record - that
What are stand-alone procedures? Procedures that are not part of a package are called as stand-alone because they independently defined. A good example of a stand-alone procedu
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