Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB)
An acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of chicken caused by a member of the family Coronaviridae, IB was first recognized in India in 1969. The virus can be propagated in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs resulting in dwarfing and curling of embryos. Transmission occurs through direct contacts, aerosol and contaminated fomites. Transovarian transmission does not occur. Birds of all ages are susceptible but chicks below 4 weeks of age are severely affected.
Symptoms and lesions: Clinically the birds show depression and respiratory distress like coughing, gasping, sneezing and discharges from the eyes and nostrils. Sometimes the respiratory signs may be too mild to be noticed. The virus at times attacks the oviduct and the kidney, resulting in significant reduction in egg production and poor quality eggs. Early infection of the chicks may result in damage to oviduct and such birds fail to lay eggs. Infection of layers leads to lowered egg production and eggs laid may be misshapen, rough, soft shelled and with poor hatchability. In young chicks mortality may go upto 25%. In the renal form of the disease mortality may occur in broilers. Recovered birds may act as carriers for several days. The PM lesions seen are congestion of lungs and cloudy air sacs, catarrhal exudates or caseous plugs in the trachea and on lungs. When there is involvement of oviduct, regression of size and absence of duct are seen. When nephropathic strains are involved the kidney may be swollen and pale with tubules and ureters distended with urates.
Diagnosis: Clinical symptoms and lesions are indicative of infection. Final confirmation is done on the basis of isolation and identification of the virus. Virus can be isolated in 10-11 day old chicken embryos inoculated with trachea, caecal tonsils and oviduct and kidney tissue homogenate from suspected birds.
Prevention and control: Proper hygiene and good management is necessary. Live vaccines are used in broilers and for initial vaccination of breeders and layers. Inactivated oil adjuvanted vaccines are primarily used at the point of lay in breeders and layers. Best protection with inactivated vaccine can be obtained only if it is given after priming the birds with live vaccines.
Perceptual Disorders The procedure actually constitute a sub-battery and include tests of the subject's ability to recognise shapes by touch and identifies numbers written on t
Determine the name of Material used for BCC You must be interested to know about type of material you can prepare and some material is available in hospitals and clinics for us
Psychotropic Drugs - Act on brain and effect its normal functioning slow down and interphere in the functioning of the nervous system. These drugs alter behaviour, consciosn
Properties of Sols Sol, is a solid liquid dispersion with solid or semi-solid particles dispersed in a continuous liquid phase. For e.g. starch in cold water. Sols exhibit ch
Q. How are amino acids brought to the cellular site where translation takes place? What is an anticodon? Amino acids are brought to ribosomes by RNA molecules known as transfer
how do birds respire while flying??
Myocarditis Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, of the heart muscles. i) Causes Infection: . Wrus, bacteria, fungus, parasites Non-infection: Radi
State the various aspects of functioning of neuropsychological The MSE deals with questions concerning the addressee's Consciousness, Emotional State, Thought Content and Clar
organism that have wide tolerance range
What is Gene therapy Gene therapy targets non germ line cells, ie somatic cells, so will not directly affect gene pool. The frequency of the allele for the genetic disease w
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd