Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB)
An acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of chicken caused by a member of the family Coronaviridae, IB was first recognized in India in 1969. The virus can be propagated in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs resulting in dwarfing and curling of embryos. Transmission occurs through direct contacts, aerosol and contaminated fomites. Transovarian transmission does not occur. Birds of all ages are susceptible but chicks below 4 weeks of age are severely affected.
Symptoms and lesions: Clinically the birds show depression and respiratory distress like coughing, gasping, sneezing and discharges from the eyes and nostrils. Sometimes the respiratory signs may be too mild to be noticed. The virus at times attacks the oviduct and the kidney, resulting in significant reduction in egg production and poor quality eggs. Early infection of the chicks may result in damage to oviduct and such birds fail to lay eggs. Infection of layers leads to lowered egg production and eggs laid may be misshapen, rough, soft shelled and with poor hatchability. In young chicks mortality may go upto 25%. In the renal form of the disease mortality may occur in broilers. Recovered birds may act as carriers for several days. The PM lesions seen are congestion of lungs and cloudy air sacs, catarrhal exudates or caseous plugs in the trachea and on lungs. When there is involvement of oviduct, regression of size and absence of duct are seen. When nephropathic strains are involved the kidney may be swollen and pale with tubules and ureters distended with urates.
Diagnosis: Clinical symptoms and lesions are indicative of infection. Final confirmation is done on the basis of isolation and identification of the virus. Virus can be isolated in 10-11 day old chicken embryos inoculated with trachea, caecal tonsils and oviduct and kidney tissue homogenate from suspected birds.
Prevention and control: Proper hygiene and good management is necessary. Live vaccines are used in broilers and for initial vaccination of breeders and layers. Inactivated oil adjuvanted vaccines are primarily used at the point of lay in breeders and layers. Best protection with inactivated vaccine can be obtained only if it is given after priming the birds with live vaccines.
Explain the pH Meter - Food Microbiology? pH is a negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration. Its value remains between 0 and 14. Pure water has a pH of 7 (neutral). pH value l
Why Diabetics patient should have Vegetables every day Diabetics should have vegetables every day. Fresh vegetables are to be preferred because they have less fats and salt. Da
Explain Food plan for an anaemic pregnant lady? Justification of the Plan: The plan is for an anaemic pregnant lady, from a lower socio-economic level and doing moderate lev
DISORDER S OF THE PANCREAS - (i ) Diabetes mellitus (Hypoinsulinism) The insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is caused by a failure of the Beta-cells to produc
How would carbon monoxide poisoning affect a person's coloring, particularly of the mucous membranes? How would it affect the hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and percent oxyh
what is a proliferation
Bovine leukemia Bovine leukemia, also known as bovine lymphosarcoma or leucosis, is a lymphoproliferative neoplastic disease of bovines. The virus belongs to genus Deltaretrov
what is pisces
Define the Factors that Affect the Rate of Drying? Factors that affect the rate of drying are as follow: 1) The fat content of the food-Higher fat contents generally result
Palliative Procedures i) This consists of enlarging the existing for a men ovale by putting a baloon through the defect (baloon septostomy) so that interatrial mixing of blo
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd