Avian infectious bronchitis (ib), Biology

Assignment Help:

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB)

An acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of chicken caused by a member of the family Coronaviridae, IB was first recognized in India in 1969. The virus can be propagated in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs resulting in dwarfing and curling of embryos. Transmission occurs through direct contacts, aerosol and contaminated fomites. Transovarian transmission does not occur. Birds of all ages are susceptible but chicks below 4 weeks of age are severely affected.

Symptoms and lesions: Clinically the birds show depression and respiratory distress like coughing, gasping, sneezing and discharges from the eyes and nostrils. Sometimes the respiratory signs may be too mild to be noticed. The virus at times attacks the oviduct and the kidney, resulting in significant reduction in egg production and poor quality eggs. Early infection of the chicks may result in damage to oviduct and such birds fail to lay eggs. Infection of layers leads to lowered egg production and eggs laid may be misshapen, rough, soft shelled and with poor hatchability. In young chicks mortality may go upto 25%. In the renal form of the disease mortality may occur in broilers. Recovered birds may act as carriers for several days. The PM lesions seen are congestion of lungs and cloudy air sacs, catarrhal exudates or caseous plugs in the trachea and on lungs. When there is involvement of oviduct, regression of size and absence of duct are seen. When nephropathic strains are involved the kidney may be swollen and pale with tubules and ureters distended with urates.

Diagnosis: Clinical symptoms and lesions are indicative of infection. Final confirmation is done on the basis of isolation and identification of the virus. Virus can be isolated in 10-11 day old chicken embryos inoculated with trachea, caecal tonsils and oviduct and kidney tissue homogenate from suspected birds.

Prevention and control: Proper hygiene and good management is necessary. Live vaccines are used in broilers and for initial vaccination of breeders and layers. Inactivated oil adjuvanted vaccines are primarily used at the point of lay in breeders and layers. Best protection with inactivated vaccine can be obtained only if it is given after priming the birds with live vaccines.


Related Discussions:- Avian infectious bronchitis (ib)

Explain the following terms in detail - homology, Explain the following ter...

Explain the following terms in detail - Homology, Homologous ? Structures that have a similar evolutionary origin however different functions. The wing of a bat and a whale's fl

Define the symptoms in bone marrow of pernicious anaemia, Define the sympto...

Define the symptoms in Bone marrow of pernicious anaemia? The nucleated red cells of the marrow are greatly increased.  The successive nucleated cell stages in erythropoiesis a

Hunting and export - wildlife, Hunting and Export - Wildlife The hunti...

Hunting and Export - Wildlife The hunting and export of excessive numbers of certain animal species is another important factor leading to dangerous reductions in numbers. The

What is the typical feature of the epithelia, What is the typical feature o...

What is the typical feature of the epithelia? How different is it from the connective tissue? The typical feature of the epithelium is the absence or almost absence of space a

Describe female and male surgical sterilization, Q. What are the most commo...

Q. What are the most common methods of female and male surgical sterilization? Vasectomy is the majority common method of surgical sterilization in men in vasectomy the vas def

Define the term - clinical neuropsychology, Clinical Neuropsychology Cl...

Clinical Neuropsychology Clinical neuropsychology is the application of neuropsychological knowledge to the assessment, management and rehabilitation of people who have suffere

Haustorial behavior of embryo sac, Haustorial Behavior of Embryo Sac ...

Haustorial Behavior of Embryo Sac There are instances in which the entire embryo sac may grow beyond the ovular tissue. The central cell may also form multicellular projectio

Define other consideration for dietary management, Define other considerati...

Define other consideration for Nutrient Requirement and Dietary Management Oral intake is generally feasible only during the anabolic phase wherein the patient should be given

Haversian canals and the volkmann canals of the bones, Q. What are the Have...

Q. What are the Haversian canals and the Volkmann's canals of the bones? Is the osseous tissue vascularized? The Haversian canals are longitudinal canals present in the osseous

Define reagents for preparation of phosphate buffers, Define Reagents for P...

Define Reagents for Preparation of Phosphate Buffers? Buffer solutions of pH4, pH7 and pH 9.18 phosphate buffer solution: 0.1 M disodium hydrogen phosphate or Na 2 HPO 4

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd