Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB)
An acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of chicken caused by a member of the family Coronaviridae, IB was first recognized in India in 1969. The virus can be propagated in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs resulting in dwarfing and curling of embryos. Transmission occurs through direct contacts, aerosol and contaminated fomites. Transovarian transmission does not occur. Birds of all ages are susceptible but chicks below 4 weeks of age are severely affected.
Symptoms and lesions: Clinically the birds show depression and respiratory distress like coughing, gasping, sneezing and discharges from the eyes and nostrils. Sometimes the respiratory signs may be too mild to be noticed. The virus at times attacks the oviduct and the kidney, resulting in significant reduction in egg production and poor quality eggs. Early infection of the chicks may result in damage to oviduct and such birds fail to lay eggs. Infection of layers leads to lowered egg production and eggs laid may be misshapen, rough, soft shelled and with poor hatchability. In young chicks mortality may go upto 25%. In the renal form of the disease mortality may occur in broilers. Recovered birds may act as carriers for several days. The PM lesions seen are congestion of lungs and cloudy air sacs, catarrhal exudates or caseous plugs in the trachea and on lungs. When there is involvement of oviduct, regression of size and absence of duct are seen. When nephropathic strains are involved the kidney may be swollen and pale with tubules and ureters distended with urates.
Diagnosis: Clinical symptoms and lesions are indicative of infection. Final confirmation is done on the basis of isolation and identification of the virus. Virus can be isolated in 10-11 day old chicken embryos inoculated with trachea, caecal tonsils and oviduct and kidney tissue homogenate from suspected birds.
Prevention and control: Proper hygiene and good management is necessary. Live vaccines are used in broilers and for initial vaccination of breeders and layers. Inactivated oil adjuvanted vaccines are primarily used at the point of lay in breeders and layers. Best protection with inactivated vaccine can be obtained only if it is given after priming the birds with live vaccines.
Name the different level of proteins There are 4 level of proteins:- a) Primary structure b) Secondary structure c) Tertiary structure d) Quaternary structure
Define Sample Titration - Estimation of nitrogen and protein content? Take the given ammonium sulfate solution into a 100 ml volumetric flask and dilute to the mark with distil
A plant grown from one of Mendel's yellow peas is selfed. Five progeny peas are obtained from this self and they are all yellow. If the original selfed plant had been homozygous, w
Management of soil productivity The continuous prosperity and well being of the people of any nation is dependent upon several factors, one of the most important being the leve
Coccidioidomycosis Coccidioidomycosis is a soil-borne infection of pet, domestic, wild animals and man. The disease is caused by Coccidioides immitis, a dimorphic fungus wh
The PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to intensify a one or a little copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude gene
describe the function of a bacterial flagellum
Q. Which are the organs of the excretory system? The excretory system is formed of ureters (two), kidneys (two), bladder and urethra.
If the results of an experiment turn out differently then you expected, what does that mean? A. The experiment was a failure B. You did not follow scientific method C. You should e
C adm iu m Like lead and mercury, cadmium is also non-essential biologically. The industrial use of cadmium in plastic production, electroplating and manufacture of alloys a
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +1-415-670-9521
Phone: +1-415-670-9521
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd