Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB)
An acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of chicken caused by a member of the family Coronaviridae, IB was first recognized in India in 1969. The virus can be propagated in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs resulting in dwarfing and curling of embryos. Transmission occurs through direct contacts, aerosol and contaminated fomites. Transovarian transmission does not occur. Birds of all ages are susceptible but chicks below 4 weeks of age are severely affected.
Symptoms and lesions: Clinically the birds show depression and respiratory distress like coughing, gasping, sneezing and discharges from the eyes and nostrils. Sometimes the respiratory signs may be too mild to be noticed. The virus at times attacks the oviduct and the kidney, resulting in significant reduction in egg production and poor quality eggs. Early infection of the chicks may result in damage to oviduct and such birds fail to lay eggs. Infection of layers leads to lowered egg production and eggs laid may be misshapen, rough, soft shelled and with poor hatchability. In young chicks mortality may go upto 25%. In the renal form of the disease mortality may occur in broilers. Recovered birds may act as carriers for several days. The PM lesions seen are congestion of lungs and cloudy air sacs, catarrhal exudates or caseous plugs in the trachea and on lungs. When there is involvement of oviduct, regression of size and absence of duct are seen. When nephropathic strains are involved the kidney may be swollen and pale with tubules and ureters distended with urates.
Diagnosis: Clinical symptoms and lesions are indicative of infection. Final confirmation is done on the basis of isolation and identification of the virus. Virus can be isolated in 10-11 day old chicken embryos inoculated with trachea, caecal tonsils and oviduct and kidney tissue homogenate from suspected birds.
Prevention and control: Proper hygiene and good management is necessary. Live vaccines are used in broilers and for initial vaccination of breeders and layers. Inactivated oil adjuvanted vaccines are primarily used at the point of lay in breeders and layers. Best protection with inactivated vaccine can be obtained only if it is given after priming the birds with live vaccines.
What is the external rigid carapace of arthropods called? Of which substance is it made? Which type of organic molecule is that substance? The external carapace of arthropods i
Responses of Plants to Stress You know that certain plant species can grow in severe environmental extremes. For example, plants grow below 0°C in the Himalayas and above 45°C
All Solid Semi-Solid Wastes Arising From Human And Animals Activities, Except Human Excreta And Sullage (Liquid Wastes From Bathrooms, Kitchens Etc.) are discarded as useless or un
Alfred Sturtevant and Seymour Benzer's studies of recombination in both Drosophila and bacteriophage demonstrated which of the following? A. The gene is an indivisible unit and
how does hpv vaccine affect the immune system?
INTERMEDI A T E FILAMENTS These are non-living structures. Made up of different types of protein eg. Keratin, synemin, desmin and vimentin. These are divided into four
Planning the Nursing Care Monitor fluid intake and urinary output Administer drugs as advised/prescribed Monitor the child on dialysis Provide therapeutic diet
Q. What are the digestive functions of the liver? The liver has other digestive functions, besides making bile for release in the duodenum. The venous network that absorbs n
How can we determine the status of brain function Neuropsychological assessment is the clinical practise of using tests and other behavioural evaluation instruments to determin
How can the knowledge about fermentation explain the origin of muscle cramps and pains after intense physical exertion? A typical fermentation process because of oxygen scarcit
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd