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Availability: A site having the copy of a replicated relation fails, even then the relation may be found in another site. Therefore, the system may carry on to process at least the queries involving just read operation despite the failure of single site. Write can also be performed but with suitable recovery algorithm.
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
Question: a) Discuss the concept of data independence, explaining its importance in a database environment. b) To address the issue of data independence, the ANSI-SPARC t
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
Describe Database state in details? Database state: The actual data within the database at a particular moment in time is known as a database state.
Fundamentals of Database Management 1. Explain the concept of Foreign Key. How a foreign key differs from a Primary Key? Can the Foreign Key accept nulls? 2. With a necess
The database files accept the actual data and are typically the biggest in size. Depending on their shape, the tables for all the user operation can go in one database file-but
Improved availability: The data in a distributed system may be replicated so that it is at more than one site. Thus, the failure of a node or a communication link does not necessar
assume we have the following apllicationthat model sccer team the games they play and the players inv each teamin the design we want to capture
After going by the database architecture, let us now dwell on an important query: how is the data organised in a database? There are a lot of basic structures that exist in a datab
each publisher has uniqe name a mial addrs are also kept on each pubisher.a publisher publish one book.a book publish y one publisher.book identified by isbn.each book writn by one
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