Autumn (fall) overturn, Biology

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Autumn (fall) overturn

In autumn or early winter the air temperature falls, resulting in the cooling of the surface waters. When the surface water cools to 4°C it becomes dense and heavy and sinks to the bottom displacing the bottom warm water which rises to the surface. This mixing of the surface and bottom layers is further facilitated by strong winter winds and is called 'fall overturn'.


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