Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Augmentation Therapy:
The functional gene is introduced in addition to the defective gene endogeneous to the cell(s) in this somatic cell gene therapy, i.e. the improved cells consist both the defective (endogeneous) and the normal (introduced) copies of the gene. There are two basic approaches to augmentation therapy. First was used in the first two patients on whom gene therapy was attempted to right the genetic disorder known Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) syndrome formed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. (i) General ADA gene copies were formed by cloning and then (ii) packed into a faulted retrovirus; mostly viral genes were replaced by the ADA gene. (iii) Lymphocytes were linked from the patients, and (IV) the recombinant retroviruses were used to infect the lymphocytes. And (v) the infected cells showing the ADA gene were injected back into the patients. The usual ADA gene was expressed in the patients, and ADA deficiency was partially right, this resulted in an improvement in the patient's immune system. Different kinds of viral vectors have been used to deliver genes into target/stem cells, like lymphocytes, cultured in vitro, bone marrow cells. The target cells themselves are obtained from the concerned patient (more desirable) or from a matched donor. The reservations about security of retroviral vectors is sought to be resolved by developing suicide vectors which cannot replicate after delivery of the gene. The other major problems of this approach are: (i) low frequency of transfect ion of stem cells, (ii) persist ability of the integrated gene, (iii) duration of the gene expression, (iv) lack of suitable regulation of gene expression etc. More recently, interest has targeted on physical methods of gene delivery like Ca2+ phosphate co precipitation, particle gun, electro oration etc. The next approach is the direct injection of DNA into the tissues either as protein complexes (in order to bring about receptor-mediated transfer of DNA into a particular tissue, for example liver) or even as naked DNA into skin or muscle. Interestingly these cells obtain the DNA and show the gene product. Exciting results have been obtained with experimental familial hypercholesterolemia, where LDL receptor stage has been augmented by insertion of the gene as a sialoglycoprotein complex. The problems in this approach relate to the frequency of cells taking up and showing the gene and, more specifically, the duration of expression. The gene delivery methods used for gene therapy may also be used for healing of cancer or AIDS. In the case of cancer, a toxin encoding gene can be delivered into the cancer cells. In the same way, appropriate interleukin genes can be delivered to boost up the body's defence mechanisms (in case of AIDS).
How do the repairing enzymes of the genetic system act? There are enzymes within the cells that detect errors or alterations in DNA molecules and start a repair of those errors
Discuss about electric field The electric field is a vector quantity whose magnitude is the force per unit charge and points in the direction of the force on the positive test
Natural selection is such a powerful force in evolution because cells with even a small growth advantage quickly outgrow their competitors. To illustrate this process, consider a b
Describe Arteriovenous Continuous Murmur? Arteriovenous Continuous Murmur : These can be congenital as in coronary artery fistula entering RA/RV/PA, sinus of valsalva to rig
What are the excretory organs of crab
All the water used in the home that goes into the drain or into sewage collection system is called waste water. Domestic sewage is the waste water from kitchens, bathrooms etc. It
Q. Explain Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? It is the most common form of diabetes accounting for 90-95% of patients with diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was previously called as N
Define Basic Calculations during the practical work in Laboratory? Some basic mathematical formulas and conversion factors are given herewith to help you in your calculations d
Dextrorotatory:- When an optically .active substance rotates the plane of polarized light in a clockwise direction.
Q. Why can the amnion also be considered an adaptation to terrestrial life? The amnion is as well an adaptation to dry land since one of its functions is to prevent desiccation
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd