Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Augmentation Therapy:
The functional gene is introduced in addition to the defective gene endogeneous to the cell(s) in this somatic cell gene therapy, i.e. the improved cells consist both the defective (endogeneous) and the normal (introduced) copies of the gene. There are two basic approaches to augmentation therapy. First was used in the first two patients on whom gene therapy was attempted to right the genetic disorder known Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) syndrome formed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. (i) General ADA gene copies were formed by cloning and then (ii) packed into a faulted retrovirus; mostly viral genes were replaced by the ADA gene. (iii) Lymphocytes were linked from the patients, and (IV) the recombinant retroviruses were used to infect the lymphocytes. And (v) the infected cells showing the ADA gene were injected back into the patients. The usual ADA gene was expressed in the patients, and ADA deficiency was partially right, this resulted in an improvement in the patient's immune system. Different kinds of viral vectors have been used to deliver genes into target/stem cells, like lymphocytes, cultured in vitro, bone marrow cells. The target cells themselves are obtained from the concerned patient (more desirable) or from a matched donor. The reservations about security of retroviral vectors is sought to be resolved by developing suicide vectors which cannot replicate after delivery of the gene. The other major problems of this approach are: (i) low frequency of transfect ion of stem cells, (ii) persist ability of the integrated gene, (iii) duration of the gene expression, (iv) lack of suitable regulation of gene expression etc. More recently, interest has targeted on physical methods of gene delivery like Ca2+ phosphate co precipitation, particle gun, electro oration etc. The next approach is the direct injection of DNA into the tissues either as protein complexes (in order to bring about receptor-mediated transfer of DNA into a particular tissue, for example liver) or even as naked DNA into skin or muscle. Interestingly these cells obtain the DNA and show the gene product. Exciting results have been obtained with experimental familial hypercholesterolemia, where LDL receptor stage has been augmented by insertion of the gene as a sialoglycoprotein complex. The problems in this approach relate to the frequency of cells taking up and showing the gene and, more specifically, the duration of expression. The gene delivery methods used for gene therapy may also be used for healing of cancer or AIDS. In the case of cancer, a toxin encoding gene can be delivered into the cancer cells. In the same way, appropriate interleukin genes can be delivered to boost up the body's defence mechanisms (in case of AIDS).
Explain about the Acesulfame K - Artificial Sweeteners? Acesulfame-K (potassium salt of 6-methyl-1, 2, 3-oxathazin-4(3H)-one 2, 2 dioxide) is a sweetener which is commonly used
Define Needle selection for Suturing 1. Needle with a reverse cutting edge "the cutting edge is outside the curve" is preferable, because it prevents tearing, 2. Conventiona
Cytokinesis It is defined as the division or cleavage of cytoplasmic part of the cells into two daughter cells. It is first indicated during late anaphase by app
Q. What is the ecological role of earthworms? Earthworms have an important ecological role as they eat decomposing organic material. They also dig tunnels in the subsoil allowi
Q. What is Biological Contaminants? You may recall reading about food borne diseases caused by the consumption of contaminated food items in the last unit. In the
Q. What is the usual biological function of the connective tissues? How is this function associated to the main features of its cells? The usual function of the connective tiss
Which of the subsequent statements concerning platelets is INCORRECT. Platelets: a) Are between 1/2 and 1/3 the diameter of the red cell b) Are roughly disk-shaped c) Hav
Biological Significance of Incompatibility Both interspecific and intraspecific incompatibility determines the degree of inbreeding and out breeding of plants. Self-incompati
recent research on golgi bodies
Which type of genetic disease can be identified from the visual analysis of the number of chromosomes present in a karyotype? The counting and the identification of chromosomes
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd