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Assigning and Comparing CollectionsOne collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. As the illustration shown below, the collections should have the same datatype. Having the similar element type is not enough.DECLARETYPE Clientele IS VARRAY(100) OF Customer;TYPE Vips IS VARRAY(100) OF Customer;group1 Clientele := Clientele(...);group2 Clientele := Clientele(...);group3 Vips := Vips(...);BEGINgroup2 := group1;group3 := group2; -- illegal; Various datatypes becomes automatically null (and should be reinitialized). Now consider the illustration as shown below: DECLARETYPE Clientele IS TABLE OF Customer;group1 Clientele := Clientele(...); -- initializedgroup2 Clientele; -- atomically nullBEGINIF group1 IS NULL THEN ... -- condition yields FALSEgroup1 := group2;IF group1 IS NULL THEN ... -- condition yields TRUE...END;Similarly, if you assign the non-value NULL to a collection, the collection becomes automatically null.Assigning Collection ElementsYou can assign the value of an expression to the specific element in a collection by using the syntaxcollection_name(subscript) := expression;Where the expression yields a value of the type specified for elements in the collection type definition. If the subscript is null or not convertible to an integer, the PL/SQL raises the predefined exception VALUE_ERROR. If the collection is automatically null, then the PL/SQL raises COLLECTION_IS_NULL. Some of the examples are shown below:DECLARETYPE NumList IS TABLE OF INTEGER;nums NumList := NumList(10,20,30);ints NumList;...BEGIN...nums(1) := TRUNC(high/low);nums(3) := nums(1);nums(2) := ASCII(’B’);/* Assume execution continues despite the raised exception. */nums(’A’) := 40; -- raises VALUE_ERRORints(1) := 15; -- raises COLLECTION_IS_NULLEND;Comparing Whole CollectionsThe Nested tables and varrays can be automatically null; therefore they can be tested for the nullity, as the example below shows:DECLARETYPE Staff IS TABLE OF Employee;members Staff;BEGIN...IF members IS NULL THEN ... -- condition yields TRUE;END;Though, the collections cannot be compared for equality or inequality. For illustration, the IF condition below is illegal as shown:DECLARETYPE Clientele IS TABLE OF Customer;group1 Clientele := Clientele(...);group2 Clientele := Clientele(...);BEGIN...IF group1 = group2 THEN -- causes compilation error...END IF;END;This restriction also applies to implicit the comparisons. For illustration, the collections cannot appear in an ORDER BY, GROUP BY, or DISTINCT list.
to write a heap sort program usin pl-sql
Object Types An object type is a user-defined complex datatype which encapsulates the data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data. Th
Tables within a Table - SQL Figure here is an exact copy of the one in the theory book and as before it is just an alternative way of representing some of the information con
THEO R Y OF SPECIAL CREATION - Life originated on the earth due to natural events by the super natural power. The biblical story of creation of world within six days was p
Assigning and Comparing Collections One collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. A
Question 1. Update stock levels when the order is cancelled At times, customers make mistakes in submitting their orders and call to cancel the order. Brewbean’s wants to create a
Albeit simple method : These all the truth tables give us our first as albeit simple method for proving a theorem: where check whether it can be written in propositional logic
An analyst in the quality assurance office reviews the time lapse between receiving an order and shipping an order. Any orders that have not been shipped within a day of the order
Keyword and Parameter Description: boolean_expression: This is an expression which results the Boolean value TRUE, FALSE, & NULL. It is related with a series of statement
IF Statement The IF statement executes a series of statement conditionally. Whether the series is executed or not depends on the value of the Boolean expression. Syntax:
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