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Assigning and Comparing CollectionsOne collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. As the illustration shown below, the collections should have the same datatype. Having the similar element type is not enough.DECLARETYPE Clientele IS VARRAY(100) OF Customer;TYPE Vips IS VARRAY(100) OF Customer;group1 Clientele := Clientele(...);group2 Clientele := Clientele(...);group3 Vips := Vips(...);BEGINgroup2 := group1;group3 := group2; -- illegal; Various datatypes becomes automatically null (and should be reinitialized). Now consider the illustration as shown below: DECLARETYPE Clientele IS TABLE OF Customer;group1 Clientele := Clientele(...); -- initializedgroup2 Clientele; -- atomically nullBEGINIF group1 IS NULL THEN ... -- condition yields FALSEgroup1 := group2;IF group1 IS NULL THEN ... -- condition yields TRUE...END;Similarly, if you assign the non-value NULL to a collection, the collection becomes automatically null.Assigning Collection ElementsYou can assign the value of an expression to the specific element in a collection by using the syntaxcollection_name(subscript) := expression;Where the expression yields a value of the type specified for elements in the collection type definition. If the subscript is null or not convertible to an integer, the PL/SQL raises the predefined exception VALUE_ERROR. If the collection is automatically null, then the PL/SQL raises COLLECTION_IS_NULL. Some of the examples are shown below:DECLARETYPE NumList IS TABLE OF INTEGER;nums NumList := NumList(10,20,30);ints NumList;...BEGIN...nums(1) := TRUNC(high/low);nums(3) := nums(1);nums(2) := ASCII(’B’);/* Assume execution continues despite the raised exception. */nums(’A’) := 40; -- raises VALUE_ERRORints(1) := 15; -- raises COLLECTION_IS_NULLEND;Comparing Whole CollectionsThe Nested tables and varrays can be automatically null; therefore they can be tested for the nullity, as the example below shows:DECLARETYPE Staff IS TABLE OF Employee;members Staff;BEGIN...IF members IS NULL THEN ... -- condition yields TRUE;END;Though, the collections cannot be compared for equality or inequality. For illustration, the IF condition below is illegal as shown:DECLARETYPE Clientele IS TABLE OF Customer;group1 Clientele := Clientele(...);group2 Clientele := Clientele(...);BEGIN...IF group1 = group2 THEN -- causes compilation error...END IF;END;This restriction also applies to implicit the comparisons. For illustration, the collections cannot appear in an ORDER BY, GROUP BY, or DISTINCT list.
Negation (NOT, ¬) - SQL There are three rows instead of just two. As you can see, ¬ p is defined as in two-valued logic (2VL) when p is either true or false, but ¬ (unknown) i
Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
Multiset types - SQL An SQL multiset is what in mathematics is also known as a bag-something like a set except that the same element can appear more than once. The body of an
i NEED TO CREATE 3 guiS IN pl/sql sERVER PAGE FORM
3CX PBX sync Windows Service Project Description: !! You require access to a commercial version of the 3CX PBX system in order to be able to program the API !! !! You requ
Parameter and Keyword Description: dynamic_string: This is a string variable, literal, or expression which represents a SQL statement or the PL/SQL block. define_vari
Predefined Exceptions The internal exception is raised implicitly whenever your PL/SQL program exceeds a system-dependent limit or violates an Oracle rule. Each & every Oracle
Tautology - Equivalences Rules: If there Tautologies are not all the time as much easy to note as the one above so than we can use these truth tables to be definite that a sta
Keyword & Parameter Description: PRAGMA: These keywords signify that the statement is a pragma (i.e. compiler directive). The Pragmas are processed at the compile time, n
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