Arguments against workers participation: workers participation is always not favoured by managers because of the following factors:

1. Inefficient workers: some managers discount worker participation on the ground that the workers are inefficient in taking decisions. Decision making in an intellectual job and workers are in general less intelligent when compared to the executives. In the eyes of employers and management workers are less educated incompetent and unintelligent and ineffective in taking decision. Thus it is not necessary for management to allow the workers to participate in decision making.

2. Participation is not possible in complicated issues: it is not always possible to extend participation in some complicated issues like financing marketing managerial functions such as planning organizing coordinating controlling. Today management has become highly professionalized activity demanding experienced experts for solving typical problems encountered by organizations. Decisions taken by professional's management people would be more effective than the decisions taken by the managers at the functional level and employees taken together. It is not rare to hire outside professionals consultants for solving some basic problems encountered by organizations than resorting to simple traditional worker participation.

3. Weak trade unions: in some countries trade unions are weak. US is not an exception to this. In US trade unions are dominated by political pressures and ideologies concentrating least on the welfare of the employees and organizations. Labour is highly unorganized and never works on equal footing posing a problem to participation. Effective worker participation requires strong labour union and welfare motivated ideology rather than weak union and politically motivated ideology.