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Application Layer
The application layer enables the user whether human or software to access the network. It provides user interfaces and support for services such as electronic mail, fire access and transfer access to systems resources surfing the world wide web and network management. In this part we briefly discuss some applications that are designed as a client server pair in the internet. the client sends a request for a service to the server the server responds to the client.
In this chapter we will briefly the key application layer concepts including application layer protocol clients and servers. Processes sockets and transport layer interface and full explanation of several network applications in detail including the web e mail DNS ( Domain Name Server) and P2P ( point to point) file sharing.
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) sends out a broadcast to verify the MAC address from the IP address.
The most expensive method of accessing the Internet is to employ leased lines that directly connect to the ISP. This will enhance access rate to anywhere between 64 K and 1.5 Mbps,
Cable, Erase, and Reload the Router Step 1: Cable the network. Cable a network that is same to the one in the topology diagram. Step 2: Clear the configuration on the rou
What do mean by tunnel mode? This is a mode of data exchange wherein two communicating computers do not use IPSec themselves. Instead, the gateway that is linking their LANs to
Q. Show the Congestion control in TCP? Congestion control in TCP TCP assumes that the cause of lost segment is due to congestion in the network Retransmission of
UDP sends packets 'blind' down the network, and relies on upper-layer protocols to form connections and identify errors. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that can give reliabl
Advantages There are times when using packet filters makes sense. If the connections require high throughput or the protocols has proprietary technology that makes it
What does the following sequence of commands accomplish? router igrp 71 network 10.0.0.0 router igrp 109 network 172.68.7.0 Ans) It isolates network 10.0.0.0 and 172.68.7.0 and
Options Negotiation To use any of the options first requires option negotiation between the client and server. Four control characters are used for this purpose.
Receipt of Acknowledgment In our GBN protocols an acknowledgment for packet with sequence number will be taken to be accumulative acknowledgment indicating that all packe
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