Antibody structure, Biology

Assignment Help:

Antibody Structure:

An antibody molecule consist of two alike light chains (220 amino acids each) ad two similar heavy chains (about 440-450 amino acids each) held together by disulfide bridges; this create the monomeric form of antibody. Enzymes papain cleaves particular monomeric form into two fragments that bind to the antigen (designated as FAB; fragment with antigen binding) and one fragment which does bid to antigen but make crystals (so it's called Fc, crystal forming fragment).

Approximate 100 amino acid long amino-terminal ends of both light and heavy chains add up to their variable region denoted VL and VH, correspondingly; the amino acid sequence of this regions of the heavy and light chains are known constant region (designated as CH and CL, correspondingly) as there is little variation in the amino acid sequence of this region between the antibodies belonging to the same class.

Every antibody molecule has two antigen-binding domains or sites, particular domain being constituted by the variable regions of one light and one heavy chains of an antibody molecule form its effectors function domain that determines its interaction with the other components of the immune system. The light chains are of two types: and lambda (λ) and Kappa (K) ; the type of a light chain is find out by its constant region.

Different genes encode the Kappa (located in human chromosome 2) and lambda (chromosome 22) light chains, and the heavy chain (chromosome 14).

The variable region of particular chain contains 3 highly variable regions known hyper variable regions and denoted as CDR1CDR2and CDR3 (CDR = complementarily-determining region) divided by 4 constant regions known framework regions (this is designated as FR1, FR2FR3FR4). The constant region of particular heavy chain has 3 homologous regions (CH1CH2 and CH3) which most likely originated from a common parental gene (3 tandem repeats of the parental gene, by following mutations).


Related Discussions:- Antibody structure

What is the water cycle, Q. What is the water cycle? The water cycle re...

Q. What is the water cycle? The water cycle represents the recycling and circulation of water in nature. The Liquid water on the planet surface is heated by the sun and turns i

Availability of adp, Availability of ADP When  the ADP  levels increase...

Availability of ADP When  the ADP  levels increase due to hydrolysis ofATP  in various biosynthetic reactions,  the  rate of reaction to generate ATP  is accelerated and this i

Explain in brief about life style modification, Explain in brief about Life...

Explain in brief about Life style modification Life style modification in simpler words, means  diet control and doing exercises. Diet control and exercise should be planned on

What is the basic structure of the hiv virus, What is the basic structure o...

What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? What is the function of the glycoproteins of its envelope? HIV is an RNA virus. In its core there are two strands of RNA and reve

Pathogenic bacteria, Pathogenic bacteria Heterotrophic bacteria could ...

Pathogenic bacteria Heterotrophic bacteria could be divided into saprophytes and parasites. Saprophytes normally do not cause any disease and they survive on dead or decaying

Embyonic development, What are the different patterns of cleavage (segmenta...

What are the different patterns of cleavage (segmentation of fertilized egg cell)?

What is self-catalytic rnas, Q. What is self-catalytic RNAs? Ribozymes...

Q. What is self-catalytic RNAs? Ribozymes - Term 'ribozyme' was initially suggested by Thomas R. Cech, Nobel Prize winning biochemist, who discovered this class of RNA molecul

Explain anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones, Explain anterior pituit...

Explain anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that elevate  the blood glucose and therefore antagonize the action of glucose

Define historical example population genetic theory, Define Historical Exam...

Define Historical Example Population genetic theory? Population genetic theory, first developed by Sir Ronald Fisher, JBS Haldane and Sewall Wright, demonstrated how several ev

Intron, The introns are the portions of genomic DNA which are transcribed (...

The introns are the portions of genomic DNA which are transcribed (and hence present in the primary transcript) but are then spliced out later. They therefore are not present in th

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd