Antibody structure, Biology

Assignment Help:

Antibody Structure:

An antibody molecule consist of two alike light chains (220 amino acids each) ad two similar heavy chains (about 440-450 amino acids each) held together by disulfide bridges; this create the monomeric form of antibody. Enzymes papain cleaves particular monomeric form into two fragments that bind to the antigen (designated as FAB; fragment with antigen binding) and one fragment which does bid to antigen but make crystals (so it's called Fc, crystal forming fragment).

Approximate 100 amino acid long amino-terminal ends of both light and heavy chains add up to their variable region denoted VL and VH, correspondingly; the amino acid sequence of this regions of the heavy and light chains are known constant region (designated as CH and CL, correspondingly) as there is little variation in the amino acid sequence of this region between the antibodies belonging to the same class.

Every antibody molecule has two antigen-binding domains or sites, particular domain being constituted by the variable regions of one light and one heavy chains of an antibody molecule form its effectors function domain that determines its interaction with the other components of the immune system. The light chains are of two types: and lambda (λ) and Kappa (K) ; the type of a light chain is find out by its constant region.

Different genes encode the Kappa (located in human chromosome 2) and lambda (chromosome 22) light chains, and the heavy chain (chromosome 14).

The variable region of particular chain contains 3 highly variable regions known hyper variable regions and denoted as CDR1CDR2and CDR3 (CDR = complementarily-determining region) divided by 4 constant regions known framework regions (this is designated as FR1, FR2FR3FR4). The constant region of particular heavy chain has 3 homologous regions (CH1CH2 and CH3) which most likely originated from a common parental gene (3 tandem repeats of the parental gene, by following mutations).


Related Discussions:- Antibody structure

State the degeneracy of the genetic code, Which of the following contribute...

Which of the following contributes to the degeneracy of the genetic code? A. The presence of 64 codons but only 20 amino acids. B. The ability of a single tRNA to bind to ma

Explain the term health, Explain the term 'health' Mention any two ways of ...

Explain the term 'health' Mention any two ways of maintaining it. Why does a doctor administer tetanus antitoxin and not a tetanus vaccine to a child Injured in a roadside acci

What are the main human diseases caused by prions, What are the main human ...

What are the main human diseases caused by prions? The main called human diseases of such type are the Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), the kuru and the Gerstmann-Sträussle-Sch

Explain heterozygous individual and homozygous individual, What is the ge...

What is the genetic condition in which the heterozygous individual has different phenotype from the homozygous individual? This situation is called lack of dominance and it can

Ratios of different samples of nucleic acid, Ratios of the bases in differe...

Ratios of the bases in different samples of nucleic acid yielded the following results: a.  A + C    =   0.6         b.     A  +  C    =  1            c.       A  + G    =  1.2

Contractile cells, CONTRACTI L E CELLS In addition to above mentioned...

CONTRACTI L E CELLS In addition to above mentioned three types of muscular tissue, there are contractile cells. These are as follows. 1.      Myoepithelial Cells (= M

What is the advantage of the occurrence of larval stage, Q. What is the evo...

Q. What is the evolutionary advantage of the occurrence of larval stage and sperm cells in the life cycle of sponges? The sexual reproduction in sponges in addition to contribu

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd