Antibody structure, Biology

Assignment Help:

Antibody Structure:

An antibody molecule consist of two alike light chains (220 amino acids each) ad two similar heavy chains (about 440-450 amino acids each) held together by disulfide bridges; this create the monomeric form of antibody. Enzymes papain cleaves particular monomeric form into two fragments that bind to the antigen (designated as FAB; fragment with antigen binding) and one fragment which does bid to antigen but make crystals (so it's called Fc, crystal forming fragment).

Approximate 100 amino acid long amino-terminal ends of both light and heavy chains add up to their variable region denoted VL and VH, correspondingly; the amino acid sequence of this regions of the heavy and light chains are known constant region (designated as CH and CL, correspondingly) as there is little variation in the amino acid sequence of this region between the antibodies belonging to the same class.

Every antibody molecule has two antigen-binding domains or sites, particular domain being constituted by the variable regions of one light and one heavy chains of an antibody molecule form its effectors function domain that determines its interaction with the other components of the immune system. The light chains are of two types: and lambda (λ) and Kappa (K) ; the type of a light chain is find out by its constant region.

Different genes encode the Kappa (located in human chromosome 2) and lambda (chromosome 22) light chains, and the heavy chain (chromosome 14).

The variable region of particular chain contains 3 highly variable regions known hyper variable regions and denoted as CDR1CDR2and CDR3 (CDR = complementarily-determining region) divided by 4 constant regions known framework regions (this is designated as FR1, FR2FR3FR4). The constant region of particular heavy chain has 3 homologous regions (CH1CH2 and CH3) which most likely originated from a common parental gene (3 tandem repeats of the parental gene, by following mutations).


Related Discussions:- Antibody structure

Umbilical and inguinal hernia, Umbilical Hernia: An umbilical hernia  ...

Umbilical Hernia: An umbilical hernia  is protrusion of a portion of intestine  through  the umbilical ring (an opening in the muscular area of the abdomen where the umbilical

Explain the advantages of double beam method, Explain the Advantages of Dou...

Explain the Advantages of Double Beam Method? The double beam method has advantage over single beam as it automatically corrects, for the change in light transmission, through

Define neural and neurotransmitter control, Q. Define Neural and Neurotrans...

Q. Define Neural and Neurotransmitter Control? Coronary arteries are richly innervated by adrenergic and parasympathetic nerves. Both alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors a

What is radioactivity , What is Radioactivity ? Radioactivity :  Som...

What is Radioactivity ? Radioactivity :  Some isotopes, called radioisotopes, have unstable nuclei that release high energy particles or radiant energy, or both. An example

Roles of glycogen metabolism, Glycogen is a huge polymer of glucose residue...

Glycogen is a huge polymer of glucose residues linked by α1-4 glycosidic bonds with branches every 10 residues or so by α1-6 glycosidic bonds.  Glycogen gives an significant energy

Explain the ph meter - food microbiology, Explain the pH Meter - Food Micro...

Explain the pH Meter - Food Microbiology? pH is a negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration. Its value remains between 0 and 14. Pure water has a pH of 7 (neutral). pH value l

Why are heterotrophic not classified as plants or animals, Why are heterotr...

Why are heterotrophic, autotrophic , and mixotrophic protists not classified as plants or animals ?

How public perception of science has distorted, Give an example of how the ...

Give an example of how the public perception of science has been distorted or manipulated to serve an alternative purpose.

What similarities do birds and reptiles share, What similarities do birds a...

What similarities do birds and reptiles share regarding external coverage, reproduction and excretion? Regarding external coverage, birds are same to reptiles as they present

Disorders of gonads, DISORDER S OF THE GONADS Hypogonadism. Inadequa...

DISORDER S OF THE GONADS Hypogonadism. Inadequate gonadal function is called hypogonadism. It is due to defects in, or injury to the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, of th

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd