Analysis of Semiconductor Devices

There are two complementary techniques of studying semiconductor devices:

1. Via numerical simulation of the semiconductor equations.
2. Via analytical solution of semiconductor equations.

• There are a various range of techniques used for device simulation with some of them beginning from the drift diffusion formalism outlined earlier, where as others take a more fundamental approach beginning from the Boltzmann transport equation instead.
• Generally, the numerical approach provides highly accurate results but needs heavy computational effort as well.
• The output of device simulation in the type of numerical values for all internal variables needs comparatively larger effort to understand and extract significant relationships among the device characteristics.

The electrons in the valence band are not able of acquiring energy from external electric field and therefore do not contribute to the current. This band is not at all empty but may be partially or totally with electrons. On the contrary in the conduction band, electrons are seldom present. But it is probable for electrons to acquire energy from external field and thus the electrons in these bands contribute to the electric current. The forbidden energy gap is devoid of any of the electrons and this much energy is needed by electrons to jump from valence band to the conduction band.

Other words, in the case of conductors and semiconductors, like the temperature increases, the valence electrons in the valence energy move from the valence band to conductance band. Like the electron (negatively charged) jumps from valence band to conductance band, in the valence band there is a left out deficiency of electron that is called Hole (positively charged). Depending upon the value of E_gap that is energy gap solids can be categorized as metals (conductors), insulators and semi conductors.