Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Q. Amdahl Law to measure speed up performance?
Remember that speed up factor assists us in knowing relative gain attained in shifting execution of a task from sequential computer to parallel computer and performance doesn't increase linearly with rise in number of processors. Because of above reason of saturation in 1967 Amdahl's law was derived. Amdahl's law defines that a program includes 2 types of operations that is complete sequential operations that should be done serially and complete parallel operations that can be executed on numerous processors. The declaration of Amdahl's law can be illustrated with help of following example.
Let's discuss a problem say P that has to be solved with the help of parallel computer. In accordance with Amdahl's law there are principally two types of operations. So the problem would have a number of serial operations and a number of parallel operations. We already know that this requires T (1) amount of time to carry out a problem using a sequential machine and sequential algorithm. The time to calculate sequential operation is a fraction α (alpha) (α ≤ 1) of total execution time that is T (1) and time to calculate parallel operations is (1- α). So S (N) can be calculated as below:
Dividing by T(1)
Consider the value of α is amid 0 and 1. Now let's put a number of values of α and calculate speed up factor for rising values of number of processors. We find that S(N) continue reduces with increase in value of α (which is number of serial operations as displayed in Figure below).
Figure: Speed-up vs. Number of Processors
The graph in Figure clearly demonstrates that there is a bottleneck caused because of serial operations in parallel computer. Even when numbers of serial operations are more after rising number of processors speed up factor S (N) degrades.
The sequential fraction which is α can be compared with speed up factor S (N) for a permanent value of N let's say 500. Figure below demonstrates a pictorial view of effect of Amdahl's law on speed up factor.
Figure: (n) vs. α (Graph is not to scale)
What is meant by inferring latches, how to avoid it? Consider the following: always @(s1 or s0 or i0 or i1 or i2 or i3) case ({s1, s0}) 2'd0: out = i0; 2'd1: out =
Construct a shift register from S-R flip-flops. Explain its working. Ans: S-R Flip-Flop Shift Register: Shift registers can be built through using SR flip-flops. Fig.(a)
Pipelined Processor Having discussed pipelining; now we can describe a pipeline processor. A pipeline processor can be distinct as a processor that consists of a series of proc
What is dispatch unit? A separate unit which we call the dispatch unit fetch instructions from the front of the queue and sends them to the execution unit. The dispatch unit al
Q . Write a subroutine in C which toggles the cursor? Write a subroutine in C which toggles the cursor. It takes one argument which toggles the value between on (1) and off (0)
Q. Input output in assembly program? Software interrupt is a call to an Interrupt servicing program situated in the operating system. Generally the input-output routine in 8086
Double Negation - Artificial intelligence: Always parents are correcting their children for the use of double negatives, but we have to be very alert with them in natural langu
Level of a node The root is at level zero and the level of the node is 1 more than the level of its parent
Define interrupt. An interrupt is any exceptional event that causes a CPUU to temporarily transfer control from its present program to another program , an interrupt handler th
Q. Define PVM library routines? In this segment we will give a short description of the routines in PVM 3 user library. Each PVM program must comprise the PVM header file 'pvm3
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd