Aluminum ,thallium, Chemistry

Assignment Help:

 

GROUP 13: ALUMINUM TO THALLIUM

The substance aluminum, indium, gallium and thallium have valence electron configurations (ns)2(np)1 and for the lighter elements their chemistry is dominated by the +3 oxidation state. The group trends are very different from those in groups 2 and 1. The Al3+ ion has a large radius ratio and is rigidly polarizing, so that significant deviations from simple ionic behavior are usually observed. The filling of the d shells (and 4f in period 6) goes to decreased electropositive character for Tl and Ga, In similar to that shown in group 12. There is also a progressive stabilization of lower oxidation states in lower side of the group.

Aluminum is common metallic element in the Earth's crust, being a constituent of almost all silicate minerals. Weathering leaves deposits of the very insoluble aluminum minerals Al(OH)3 and AlO(OH), known together as bauxite, which forms the principal source of the element. The metal is produce by electrolysis of fused cryolite Na3[AlF6]. Although reactive when clean, the metal easily builds a very resistant oxide film, which performs widespread applications as a lightweight construction material and in other vessels and cooking.

 

 

1937_Untitled.png

 

 

In, Ga and Tl are much less common substance, collect in small amounts from sulfide minerals of other elements and used only in specialized applications. The metals are less performing than aluminum in which the much bigger negative slope (negative electrode potential of Al is apparent. Thallium elements are extremely toxic but do not usually pose an environmental hazard because they are little used.

 


Related Discussions:- Aluminum ,thallium

States of matter, why are some liquids purified by distillation under reduc...

why are some liquids purified by distillation under reduced pressure

Exchange energy, #question.which configuration is more stable,p3 or p6

#question.which configuration is more stable,p3 or p6

Uses of benzene - hydrocarbon, Uses of Benzene - Hydrocarbon (1) In dry...

Uses of Benzene - Hydrocarbon (1) In dry cleaning (2) As a motor fuel when mixed with petrol. (3) As a solvent. (4) In the manufacture of gammexane (As insecticide).

Conformation energy profile for cyclohexane ring flip, Conformation energy ...

Conformation energy profile for cyclohexane ring flip   cyclohexane ring flip

Nomenclature of organic compounds - trivial system, Nomenclature of organic...

Nomenclature of organic compounds - Trivial System The meaning of Nomenclature is assignment of names to organic compounds. There are two major systems of nomenclature of org

General organic chemistry, General Organic Chemistry Carbon is an neces...

General Organic Chemistry Carbon is an necessary element of organic substance; it has four electrons in its outer most shell. As per to the ground state electronic arrangeme

Which geometry does have formaldehyde molecule, Which geometry does have Fo...

Which geometry does have Formaldehyde molecule The formaldehyde molecule has trigonal planar geometry. Therefore, both the H-C-H bond angle and the H-CAO bond angle are abou

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd