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A finite, nonempty ordered set will be called an alphabet if its elements are symbols, or characters. A finite sequence of symbols from a given alphabet will be called a string over the alphabet. A string that consists of a sequence a1, a2, . . . , an of symbols will be denoted by the juxtaposition a1a2 an. Strings that have zero symbols, called empty strings, will be denoted by .
{0, 1} is a binary alphabet, and {1} is a unary alphabet. 11 is a binary string over the alphabet {0, 1}, and a unary string over the alphabet {1}.
11 is a string of length 2, |ε| = 0, and |01| + |1| = 3.
Example-The string consisting of a sequence αβ followed by a sequence β is denoted αβ. The string αβ is called the concatenation of α and β. The notation αi is used for the string obtained by concatenating i copies of the string α.
When we study computability we are studying problems in an abstract sense. For example, addition is the problem of, having been given two numbers, returning a third number that is
We got the class LT by taking the class SL and closing it under Boolean operations. We have observed that LT ⊆ Recog, so certainly any Boolean combination of LT languages will also
Computation of a DFA or NFA without ε-transitions An ID (q 1 ,w 1 ) computes (qn,wn) in A = (Q,Σ, T, q 0 , F) (in zero or more steps) if there is a sequence of IDs (q 1
The objective of the remainder of this assignment is to get you thinking about the problem of recognizing strings given various restrictions to your model of computation. We will w
Perfect shuffle permutation
s->0A0|1B1|BB A->C B->S|A C->S|null find useless symbol?
De?nition (Instantaneous Description) (for both DFAs and NFAs) An instantaneous description of A = (Q,Σ, δ, q 0 , F) , either a DFA or an NFA, is a pair h q ,w i ∈ Q×Σ*, where
s-> AACD A-> aAb/e C->aC/a D-> aDa/bDb/e
jhfsaadsa
It is not hard to see that ε-transitions do not add to the accepting power of the model. The underlying idea is that whenever an ID (q, σ v) directly computes another (p, v) via
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