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Chelating agents
Oxalates: Only a few plants contain sufficient amounts of sodium and potassium oxalate to be considered toxic. Moreover, ruminants that consume these plants develop increasing amounts of tolerance to oxalate. An oxalate degrading anaerobe microorganism has been isolated from pure culture of rumen bacteria. This organism, Oxalobacter formigens, uses oxalate as a sole energy source and produces carbon dioxide and formate as end products. Studies in animals and human volunteers have indicated that, when administered therapeutically, O. formigenes can establish in the gut and reduce the urinary oxalate concentration following an oxalate load, hence reducing the likely incidence of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. The findings to date suggest that anaerobic, colonic bacteria such as O. formigenes, that are able to degrade toxic compounds in the gut, may, in future, find application for therapeutic use, with substantial benefit for human health and well-being.
Nitrates: Forage plants and water are common sources of high levels of nitrates.Some of the causes of abnormal accumulation of nitrates in plants are: nitrogen fertilizaton, drought conditions and some herbicidal treatments. Although in the rumen nitrate is readily reduced to nitrite and then to ammonia, the consumption of plant materials with high levels of nitrate might lead to an acute intoxication. Nitrate reduction in the rumen competes with other essential metabolic reactions such as mathanogenesis, end-product formation, and microbial protein synthesis, and its toxicity reduces growth, causes Vitamin A deficiency, abortion, infertility, and goiter.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Vitamin C, ascorbic acid is also called anti-scorbutic vitamin. Ascorbic acid occurs as white crystals or white crystalline powder without odour and o
Define the Cooper's Run (12 minute run) Method? To undertake this test, a 400 metre running track is required-marked every 100 m and a stop watch. The test comprises of noticin
Ram Ventilation Some fish do not use pumping action for gill ventilation. It has been known for long that large tunas cannot be kept alive in captivity unless they are put in
Q. Explain about Dry heat sterilization? It is used to sterilize glass ware, forceps, scissors, scalpels, all glass syringes, swabs, some pharmaceuticals products such as liqui
Define Vitamin A, Iron and Zinc required for elderly? Vitamin A, Iron and Zinc: The recommendation for iron is said to decrease in elderly women. Intake of vitamin E and zinc
What is an etiological agent of disease? An etiological agent of disease is the agent that causes the disease. It might be a living being, substance or environmental fact.
Give one example in each case of (a) a fixed joint, (b) a ball and socket joint, (c) a hinge joint. (a) The bones of the skull, the junction of pelvic gi
What evidence did Charles Elton collect that suggested that fluctuations in hare and lynx populations were related? What other evidence shows that these fluctuations ma
Q. Which is the kind of muscle tissue that contracts and relaxes the heart chambers? The myocardium of the heart is made of cardiac striated muscle tissue.
Q. As a result of the DNA replication two DNA molecules come into existence. Why is it not correct to assert that the two "new" DNA molecules are created? What is the name given to
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