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Aggregation: One limitation of the E-R diagram is that they do not permit representation of relationships between relationships. In such a case the relationship along with its entities are promoted (aggregated to form an aggregate entity which can be used for expressing the needed relationships).
Define Physical and Logical independence Ans: Physical data independence: The ability to modify physical level without causing application program to be rewritten. Logic
. Ashutosh Dubey who is the director of Gyan Gurukul want a three-level schema architecture for the Gyan Gurukul Company that provide better security also design a data abstraction
Differentiate between natural join and outer join? Natural join is a binary operator which is written as (R * S) where as R and S are relations. The output of the natural join
WOUND-WAIT
A database is a set of data. But, is the data kept in a database trustworthy? To answer that query we must first answer the question. What is integrity? Integrity simply means t
System level permissions : With the use of data dictionary you can view them. Let us take the table name as user_sys_privs (used in oracle). DESCRIBE USER_SYS_PRI
Define- relational algebra. The relational algebra is a procedural query language. It having of a set of operations that take one or two relation as input and make a new relati
What are shortcomings in structured approach? Structured methodology treats data and their behaviours separately, and this makes it harder to isolate changes. If changes are re
Consider an information system designed for an online company which provides IT products and services. These include desktops, laptops, networking products, IT books, parts, and te
What is substitutability? Any method of a class-say A can equally well be adjured with any object belonging to any subclasses B of A. This characteristic leads to code reuse, a
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