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Aggregate AssignmentThe %ROWTYPE declaration cannot include an initialization clause. Though, there are two ways to assign values to all fields in a record at once. At First, the PL/SQL allows the aggregate assignment between the whole records if their declarations refer to the similar table or cursor. For illustration, the assignment below is legal:DECLAREdept_rec1 dept%ROWTYPE;dept_rec2 dept%ROWTYPE;CURSOR c1 IS SELECT deptno, dname, loc FROM dept;dept_rec3 c1%ROWTYPE;BEGIN...dept_rec1 := dept_rec2;However, because dept_rec2 is based on a table and dept_rec3 is based on acursor, the following assignment is illegal:dept_rec2 := dept_rec3; -- illegalSecondly, you can assign a list of column values to a record by using the SELECT or FETCH statement, as the illustration below shows. The column names should appear in the order in which they are defined by the CREATE TABLE or CREATE VIEW statement.DECLAREdept_rec dept%ROWTYPE;...BEGINSELECT deptno, dname, loc INTO dept_rec FROM deptWHERE deptno = 30;
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
Tautologies: Above given table allows us to read the truth of the connectives in the next manner. Just expect we are looking at row three. It means this says that, if there P
Example of GROUPBY Operator Example: How many students sat each exam, using GROUP BY, NATURAL LEFT JOIN, and COALESCE SELECT CourseId, COALESCE (n, 0) AS n FROM COURS
PRIMARY KEY: PRIMARY KEY indicates that the table is subject to a key constraint, in this case declaring that no two rows in the table assigned to ENROLMENT can ever have the
Using EXCEPTION_INIT To handle unnamed internal exceptions, you should use the OTHERS handler or the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT. The pragma is a compiler directive that can be th
Project Description: I want a database for large governmental and private data sets on one country that will be easily extended to other countries in the future. Also, the datab
Overriding Default Locking By default, the Oracle locks the data structures for you automatically. Though, you can request exact data locks on rows or tables when it is to you
Loop Labels Like the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP
Defining REF CURSOR Types To make cursor variables, you take 2 steps. At first, you define a REF CURSOR type, and then declare the cursor variables of that type. You can defin
Using FORALL and BULK COLLECT Together You can unite the BULK COLLECT clause with the FORALL statement, in that case, the SQL engine bulk-binds column values incrementally. In
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