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Advantages of Exceptions
Using the exceptions for the error handling has many benefits. Without an exception handling, every time you issue a command, you should ensure for the execution errors:
BEGIN
SELECT ...
-- check for 'no data found' error
The Error processing is not clearly separated from general processing; nor is it robust. If you ignore to code a check, the error goes unobserved and is possible to cause other, apparently unrelated errors. With the exceptions, you can handle errors correctly without the requirement to code the multiple checks, which is as shown:
...
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN -- catches all 'no data found' errors
The Exceptions improve readability by letting you isolate the error-handling routines. The primary algorithm is not covered by error recovery algorithms. The Exceptions also improve reliability. You do not need to worry about checking for an error at every point it might occur. An exception handler is just adding to your PL/SQL block. If the exception is still raised in that block or any sub-block, you can be definite it will be handled.
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Architecture The PL/SQL run-time system and compilation is a technology, not an independent product. Consider this technology as an engine that compiles and executes the PL/SQL
Raise_application_error - procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD , allows to issue an user_defined error messages by stored sub-program or database trigger.
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
Short-Circuit Evaluation When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops computing the expression as soon as the result
Other monadic - SQL In 2VL there are just 4 (2 2 ) monadic operators, of which negation is really the only "useful" one. When a third truth value is introduced we have 27 (3 3
Parameter SELF in pl/sql The MEMBER methods recognize a built-in parameter named SELF that is an instance of the object type. Whether declared explicitly or implicitly, it is
Structure of an Object Type: Similar to package, an object type has 2 parts: the specification and the body. The specification is the interface to your applications; it declar
MECHANISTI S THEORY-HAECKEL (1866) - Haeckel stating that after each catalysm, some new organism suddenly forms as a chance event in one stride from inanimate matter and sub
Example of COALESCE operator Example: Give the total of marks for each exam (simplified solution) SELECT CourseId, COALESCE ((SELECT SUM (Mark) FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
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