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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Define CPU scheduling. CPU scheduling is the method of switching the CPU among several processes. CPU scheduling is the basis of multiprogrammed operating systems. By switching
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what is the use of valid invalid bits in paging
Additional Reference bits algorithm Here we keep an 8-bit byte for every page in memory. At standard intervals the reference bit is shifted by the OS. If a shift register conta
Use and overview? Pure and impure interpreter?
idle thread The special thread a dispatcher will run when no ready thread is found. The primary purpose of the idle process and its threads is to remove what would otherwise b
Can a direct access file be read sequentially? Explain. Yes. Keep a counter, cp, initially set to 0. After reading record cp, increment cp.
A- In a table format, compare between Programmed I/O, Interrupt -driven I/O, and Direct Memory Access (DMA) in terms of basic idea, Advantages, disadvantages, and the operating en
Q. Some untimely computers protected the operating system by placing it in a memory partition that couldn't be modified by either the user job or the operating system itself. Expl
Refer a program with a linked origin of 5000. Suppose the memory area allocated to it have the start address of 70000. Determine the value to be loaded in relocation register?
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