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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Q. Distinguish among a STREAMS driver and a STREAMS module? Answer: The STREAMS driver controls the physical device that could be involved in a STREAMS operation. The STREAMS
Processes and threads each have their place in multi-programming, generally to hide latency and to maximize CPU utilization. With the continuing spread of multi-core processors in
Minor page fault :I f the page is loaded in memory at the time the fault is started, but is not checked in the memory management unit as being loaded in memory, then it is named a
What is meant by demand paging? Explain. Demand paging is a technique to implement virtual memory. In demand paging simply when a page is required it is brought into memory. As
List disadvantages of using a single directory. Users have no privacy. Users must be careful in choosing file names, to avoid names used by others. Users may destroy each othe
i need to complete project on lan architceture RAIDs etc
What is the resident set and working set of a process? Resident set is that portion of the process image that is actually in real-memory at a certain instant. Working set is th
Q. What system calls have to be implementing by a command interpreter or shell in order to start a new process? Answer: In the UNIX systems a fork system call followed by an ex
What is co-operative process? A process is co-operating if it can influence or be affected by the other processes implementing in the system. Any process that share data with o
What is the benefits OS co-operating process? Information sharing. Computation speeds up. Modularity. Convenience.
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