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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Many-to-Many Model The many-to-many model- many user-level threads to many kernel-level threads avoids several of the limitations of the one-to-one model, although extending mu
Differentiate pre-emptive and non-preemptive scheduling In a pre-emptive scheduling technique, CPU can be taken away from a process if there is a requirement while in a non-pre
There is a very small amount of networking background required for Project 2. In Project 2, we want our computer (or our "host") to request information over the Internet from a rem
Problem 1. List out the conditions that result in Deadlock situations. Illustrate deadlock situation with a simple graphical notation Listing conditions for deadlock occu
1. What must a kernel provide for an effective user-level thread implementation? 2. With respect to the quantum q in a scheduling algorithm, explain and discuss the impact of th
are ''ASIC'' embeded systems
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What is operating system?
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Scalability : Scalability is the competence of the system to adapt to increased service load. A scalable system will respond more gracefully to increased load than a non-sc
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