Adaptation, Biology

Assignment Help:

ADAPTATION -

  • Characters that make an organism to adjust well and suited to its way of life.
  • Variation occur in living organism due to change in environment.
  • These changes are inherited.
  • So organism is well suited in nature.
  • Adaptation may be short term or long term.

A.         SHORT TERM ADAPTATION -

These adaptation are temporary and appear in response to changing conditions.

Later on these adaptation disappear as conditions become normal.

These adaptations have survival value.

Examples -

1.       On exposure to sun light for a longer period, our skin becomes dark, skin may become red due to vasodilation (increase in the diameter of blood vessels).

2.       In winter skin becomes white due to vasoconstriction.

3.       Some animals go for hibernation (winter sleep) during winter & aestivation (summer sleep) during summer.

Example of hibernation is frog, polar bear. Example of aestivation is frog.

4.       Plants show yellow leaves (etiolation) in dark.

5.       Dormant seeds & buds remain inactive during the period of dormancy.

6.       Viviparous germination (germination of seed in fruit) is noted in mangroove vegetation due to saline soil.

B.         LONG TERM ADAPTATION -

These are permanent.

Always inherited.

Having positive valve in evolution.

Examples -

1.       Class of different birds are well adapted to suit their perching habits as climbing & clinging in wood pecker, grasping in eagle, webbed feet in duck.

2.       The beak's shapes of different birds are according to their feeding habits as scroping fruits in hornbill, suck necter in humming bird, tearing flesh is vulture, picking insects in wood pecker.

3.       Kangaroo uses its thick tail as a fifth limb for resting & jumping.

4.       Ankle bones in man are protreded backward which help us to stand erect on our legs.

5.       In sub merged plants stometa are absent as gaseous exchange occur in dissolved form thorugh general body surface.

6.       Xerophytic plants show long roots, green fleshy stem, leaves converted into spines to reduce transpiration.

7.       Wall lizard have sucker system to walk on wall.

8.       In birds pneumatic bones (hollow), one ovary, absence of urinnary bladder is to reduce weight.

9.       Mouth parts of different insects are according to food habit as - Spongy - house fly. Siphoning - Honey bee Piercing & sucking - Mosquito Mendibulate (chewing) - Cockroach

10.     Social insects show division of labour e.g. honey bee (queen, drones, workers) termite (queen, king, nasuitus &

workers).

11.     In walrus tusk are modified canines, helpful in locomotion.

12.     In orchid (ophrys) the flowers resemble to female of wasp (calpo) & is polinated by male wasp, this is mimicry.

13.     Limnophila shows heterophglly i.e. plant is amphibious in nature, half part of leaf is in water, its margin is wavy, half part of leaf is outside water, its margin is not wavy i.e. smooth.

14.     Some animals shows mimicry. eg. Phyllium (leaf insect).

15.     In rhacophorus (flying frog) webs of fore toes & hind toes are helpfull in gliding.

16.     In pteropus (bat), draco (flying lizard) skin forms wing (patagium) for flying.

17.     In exocoetus (flying fish), pectoral fin is large & helpful in gliding.

18.     Snakes are limb less due to creeping mode & burrowing habit.

19.     Cicada sleeps for about 16 yrs. Its active period is of one year only, due to low metabolic rate.


Related Discussions:- Adaptation

Demographic transition, Demographic Transition As we saw earlier, deat...

Demographic Transition As we saw earlier, death rates and birth rates have been nearly equal throughout much of human history. However, in Western Europe, death rates began to

Explain about probiotics and prebzotics, Explain about Probiotics and Prebz...

Explain about Probiotics and Prebzotics? We all have read or heard about probiotics and prebiotics at some point of time. However, what exactly do we mean by these terms? When

Sulphur - mineral elements, SULPHUR The major sources of sulphur are cr...

SULPHUR The major sources of sulphur are crucifers and animal proteins. Proteins present in pulses have little sulphur. Therefore, other vegetable proteins or crucifers must

Gastrulation process - formation of primitive streak, Gastrulation Process ...

Gastrulation Process - Formation of Primitive Streak Gastrulation in all amniotes involving eutherian mammals is related to a characteristic structure termed as the primitive

Are environmental phenotypical changes, Are environmental phenotypical chan...

Are environmental phenotypical changes transmitted to the offspring? Changes caused on phenotypes by the environment are not transmitted to the offspring (unless their primary

Explain about peptic ulcer, Q. Explain about Peptic Ulcer? Peptic ulcer...

Q. Explain about Peptic Ulcer? Peptic ulcers are one of the more serious forms of gastrointestinal disorders of the gastrointestinal tract particularly the stomach. The prevale

Define selectivity - terminologies used in chromatography, Define Selectivi...

Define Selectivity - terminologies used in chromatography? Selectivity is a measure of preference a stationary phase shows for one solute over another and is expressed as:

What are some examples of parasitism, Q. What are some examples of parasiti...

Q. What are some examples of parasitism? The Classical instances are the parasites of humans (host), like the trypanosome that causes Chagas' disease, the HIV virus (AIDS), the

Zoology, type study of polystomella

type study of polystomella

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd