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AAA: ASCII Adjust after Addition operation the AAA instruction is executed after an ADD instruction that adds 2 ASCII coded operands to give a byte of outcome in the AL. The AAA instruction converts the resulting contents of AL to unpack the decimal digits. After the addition operation, the AAA instruction checked the lower 4 bits of AL to examine whether it have a valid BCD number in the range 0 to 9. If it is between range 0 to 9 and AF is set to zero, AAA sets the 4 high order bits of AL to 0. The AH might be cleared before addition operation. If the lower digit of the AL is between the range 0 to 9 and AF is set, 06 are added to the AL. The upper 4 bits of the AL are cleared and the AH is incremented by the value one. If the value in the lower nibble of the AL is greater than 9 then the AL is incremented by the value 06, AH is incremented by value I, the AF and the CF flags are set to I, and the higher 4 bits of the AL are cleared to the value 0. The remaining flags are not affected. The AH is modified as sum of earlier contents (typically 00) and the carry from the adjustment, as shown in given figure. This instruction does not give precise ASCII codes of the sum, but they may be obtained by adding 3030H to the AX.
Figure: ASCII Adjust After Addition Instruction
Zero flag: The next line compares the value in register. A with the value 1. If they are equivalent, the Zero flag is set (to 1). The next line then jumps to start: only if th
ADD: Add :- This instruction adds an immediate contents of a memory location specified in the a register ( source ) or instruction to the contents of another register (destinat
The modes are determined by the contents of the control register, whose format is given in Figure These modes are: Mode 0: If a group is in mode 0, it is divided into 2 sets.
IRET : Return from ISR:- When an interrupt service routine is called, before transferring control to it, the IP, CS register and flag registers are stored in the stack to ment
DIV: Unsigned Division:- This instruction performs unsigned division operation. It divides an unsigned word or double word by a 16-bit or 8-bit operand. The dividend might be in t
Segment Registers The 8086 addresses a segmented memory unlike 8085. The complete 1 megabyte memory, which 8086 is capable to address is divided into 16 logical segments.Thusea
Interrupt Table Each interrupt level has a booked memory location, called an interrupt vector. All these vectors (or pointers) are stored in the interrupt table. Table lies at
A good starting point for your program is the toupper.asm program shown in class. It already queries the user for input and sets up a loop that looks at each character of the input
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I/O interface I/O devices such as displays and keyboards establish communication of computer with outside world. Devices may be interfaced in 2 ways Memory mapped I/O and I/
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