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Create centralized relational database using bottom up method. (a) Recognize a single un-normalized relation for the above scenario. (b) Recognize the primary key for the un-normalized relation. (c) Recognize all functional dependencies available in the above scenario. (d) From identified functional dependencies, produce a set of Boyce Codd Normal form relations. BCNF. (No need to do 1NF, 2NF and 3NF).
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
Define Timestamp ordering Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number
Two-way Associations Mostly, associations are travel in both directions, although not usually with same frequency. There are three approaches for the implementation. In
Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these? Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in t
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
What is Relational DBMS This is our subject of study. A DBMS is relational if the data is organized into relations, that is, tables. In RDBMS, all data are kept in the well-kno
Three Level Architecture of DBMS or Logical DBMS Architecture The logical architecture defines how data in the database is perceived by users. It is not deals with how the da
If R1 and R2 are two relations or functions, then the result of R3 = R1 × R2 is the combination of tuples that are in R1 and R2. The product is associative and commutative. Degr
What is meant by object-oriented data model? The object-oriented paradigm is based on encapsulation of data and code related to an object in to a one unit, whose contents are n
Explain the shadow paging recovery technique. Ans: Shadow paging is a method used to acquire atomic and durable transactions, and provides the capability to manipulate pages i
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