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Aggregate functions
Example: Find the total number of employees.
SELECT COUNT (*) FROM EMP;
Example: //Find the minimum, maximum and average salaries of employees of department D1//.
SELECT MIN(SAL), MAX (SAL), AVG(SAL) FROM EMP
WHERE DEPTNO = 'D1' ;
Where does view definition stored? A view definition is permanently stored as part of the database.
Describe integrity and security? a) Domain constraint b) Referential integrity A value that appears in one relation for a given set of attributes also appear fo
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
Describe the GRANT function and explain, how it associates to security. What kind of privileges may be granted? How are they revoked? Ans: Since more than one user can aacce
Domain Constraints Domain constraints are primarily formed for defining the logically correct values for an attribute of a relation. The relation allows attributes of a relatio
Entities Let us first be aware of the question: What are entities? An entity is an object of concern used to show the things in the actual world, e.g., table, car, bo
Explain what is Aggregation ? Aggregation: This is used whenever we intend to show a relationship between an entity and the relationship. There is no provision for this in th
Which method is used to key transformation ? A hash method is used to key transformation.
An employee record has the following structure struct employee { int eno; char name[22]; float salary; char dept[10];}; (i) Calculate the record size R in bytes.
Define the basic operations of the relational algebra? Ans: Basic operators of relational algebra are: 1. Union (∪) - Selects tuples which are in either P or Q or in bot
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