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Aggregate functions
Example: Find the total number of employees.
SELECT COUNT (*) FROM EMP;
Example: //Find the minimum, maximum and average salaries of employees of department D1//.
SELECT MIN(SAL), MAX (SAL), AVG(SAL) FROM EMP
WHERE DEPTNO = 'D1' ;
Convert the following ER - diagram (Entity Relationship Diagram) into a relational database (the primary keys are underlined): 2160_Convert the following ER - diagram into a
How Relational Calculus is different from Relational Algebra? What do understand by TRC queries and DRC queries? Ans: Relational calculus contain two calculi, the tuple relati
Discuss how the one-to-one associations have to be implemented. Some of properties of associations can be implemented directly by providing suitable declarations of the data me
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
Find a 3NF decomposition of the following relation scheme: University (Faculty, Dean, Department, Chair, Professor, Rank, Student}. The University relation satisfies the following
What are the two types of blocks in the fixed -length representation? Define them. Anchor block: Have the first record of a chain. Overflow block: Have the records other tha
growing phase and shrinking phase are disjoint, why ?
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
One-way Associations If an association is only traversed in single direction, then it is known as one-way association. It is implemented as a pointer or an attribute which con
Illustrate the statement 'Projection operation distributes over the union operation'. Give an example. Ans: Π L (E 1 ∪ E 2 ) = (Π L (E 1 )) ∪ (Π L (E 2 )) This says th
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