Reference no: EM132297275
Assignment -
Part A -
Q1: You are a health professional and during your undergraduate studies you studied EPID1000 that not only equipped you for evaluating research evidence but it also prepared you in case you feel passionate about certain health issue and there is a real lack of published evidence. You are concerned about rising popularity of permanent tattoos and lack of public awareness about their link with skin cancer. Considering the scarcity of published literature on this topic you decide to take control and think about doing your own research study to generate supporting evidence. You look in the attic/shed/store room/under the bed and in an old box you find your EPID lecture and tutorial notes, you go through those which help you tremendously clear your head about what different study designs are, their characteristic features and how these can be analyzed to produce measures of association and effect and you think about how permanent tattoos can be linked with skin cancer using these and how you will infer the results from your study sample to the wider population; of course you need to plan what you will be doing to the data in advance; Following are six study design options and you are brain storming how you will go about each.
Note 1: Please be specific about the given topic; no marks for writing general design features from the lectures. We want you to 'apply' your knowledge of study designs in light of permanent tattoos and skin cancer.
Note 2: Please don't over-think about the tattoos in terms of number, location, size, appearance, duration etc. just focus on how you will conduct this study using different designs and how you will establish the link between permanent tattoos and skin cancer)
a) Cross-sectional study: (Times New Roman size 12 font and 8 lines max)
b) Prospective Cohort study: (Times New Roman size 12 font and 8 lines max)
c) Retrospective Cohort study: (Times New Roman size 12 font and 8 lines max)
d) Case Control study: (Times New Roman size 12 font and 8 lines max)
e) Quasi-experimental study: (Times New Roman size 12 font and 8 lines max)
f) Randomized controlled trial: (Times New Roman size 12 font and 8lines max)
Q2: Research results are usually presented as tables and being able to interpret these is valuable skill. The two tables below are from two different studies and you don't need to know those studies to be able to interpret information in the tables.
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Table 1 - Comparison of frequency of migraine between males and females
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Sex
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Diagnostic
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Frequency (N)
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Percent (%)
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Male
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Migraine
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76
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14.9
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No migraine
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435
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85.1
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Total
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511
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100
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Female
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Migraine
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51
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23
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No migraine
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717
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77
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Total
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222
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100
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(p < 0.027328).
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a. Write a short summary of findings from the table below; 4 lines max.
b. Table below shows Relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals for general health, psychological distress and life not worth living by the experience of bullying reported by 18-23 years old Australian women in a research study published recently.
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Fair or poor general healtha (n = 16,700)
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Bullying
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Never bullied
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reference
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Bullied in the past
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1.65(1.50-1.81)
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Recently bullied
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2.59(2.34-2.87)
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Very high psychological distressb (n = 16,701)
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Bullying
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Never bullied
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reference
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Bullied in the past
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1.92(1.76-2.10)
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Recently bullied
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3.82(3.49-4.19)
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Felt that life was not worth living in the last 12 monthsc (n = 11,962)
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Bullying
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Never bullied
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reference
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Bullied in the past
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2.05(1.92-2.19)
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Recently bullied
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3.35(3.14-3.57)
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- Choose any RR for those who were bullied in the past and provide complete interpretation including its 95% confidence interval.
- Choose any RR for those who were recently bullied and provide complete interpretation including its 95% confidence interval.
Part B -
For the following questions you will conduct ALL your analyses using your own random sample of 50; no marks for any answer if you use the entire dataset of 700 cases.
Question 1 - Choose any two variables from your dataset that are suitable to explore Bivariate Association. You may have to do some recoding to create two categories as most variables have more than two categories. You can create whatever groups/categories you like but try not to abandon the logic completely when creating two groups.
Write null and alternative hypotheses.
Provide and briefly describe your clustered bar chart.
Conduct the appropriate analyses as per your hypotheses, provide a summary/interpretation of your results which should include statistical significance.
Question 2 - Write null and non-directional alternative hypotheses that can be tested with an Independent Samples t test.
Briefly describe, test and report whether homogeneity of variance assumption is violated or not (no need to worry about the other assumptions here).
Conduct the appropriate analyses as per your hypotheses, interpret your results including their statistical significance as well as the practical significance.
Question 3 - Choose only those who underwent music therapy. Now test the hypothesis that they come from a population in which the average pain score at baseline is 15.
Write null and alternative hypotheses.
Carry out the appropriate analyses, no need to list or test any assumptions, write a short summary of your results including their statistical significance.
Question 4 - a) What is the mean resting energy expenditure for those who strongly agree with the statement 'SPSS does not scare me anymore'?
b) Participants were asked to name one thing that scares them the most? (Variable ScaresMeMost). You will see that top five responses have been coded as A, B, C, D and E, we don't know what those things are that participants are scared of. Use your discretion (and creativity) to assign each code an actual value or description, make up any whatever you think these should be, and provide a suitable graph showing five names of things people are most scared of.
Attachment:- Assignment Files.rar