Reference no: EM133363119

1. What are the differences between behavioral and cognitive neuroscience?
2. Why was the neuron doctrine so important?
3. List and explain the 4 major parts of the neuron
4. How is the brain organized in relation to sensory input and motor output?
5. Sensory neurons -

            Motor neurons -

Interneurons -

1. Define each term:
   1. Medial
   2. Lateral
   3. Ipsilateral
   4. Contralateral
   5. Anterior
   6. Posterior
   7. Dorsal
   8. Ventral
   9. Afferent
   10. Efferent
   11. Upstream
   12. downstream
2. What type of cells produces myelin? Is this considered gray or white matter?
3. CNS vs PNS
4. Dorsal root vs ventral root of the spinal cord
5.  What type of brain slicing/ division slices the brain into two symmetrical sides?
6. Match the deficit that would result from damage of the following brain areas;

Brain Areas

• Prefrontal cortex
• Cerebellum 
• Amygdala 
• Hypothalamus
• Broca's area
• Parietal lobe

Deficit 

• Inability to produce speech
• Lack of motor coordination
• Excessive hunger
• Inability to produce fear
• Lack of impulse control
• Loss of sense of touch

1. Cations vs anions 
   1. What even are ions?
2. Diffusion vs electrostatic force
3. Leak channels vs gated channels 
4. What ion is a neuron most permeable to?
5. What does it mean for an ion to be at its equilibrium potential?
6. What would happen if a neuron was only permeable to K+? Na+?
7. What is a resting neuron permeable to?
8. What type of transport is the Na+/K+ pump?
9. What is the difference between graded potentials and action potentials regarding their strength over a distance? 
10. What is the molecular basis of an action potential?
11. Why are voltage gated channels termed this?
12. List the 5 steps of the action potential 
    1. Draw them on a voltage graph
13. Give an example of hyperpolarization and depolarization
14. What determines the speed of action potential propagation?
15. Describe how local anesthetics work.
16. Electrical vs. Chemical synapses
17. List the sequence of chemical synaptic transmission 
18. Describe exocytosis 
19. How does synaptic transmission end? (hint: there are two main ways)
20. Where are action potentials initiated? 
21. Temporal summation vs spatial summation
22. Name 3 characteristics of an action potential 
23. What determines if a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory?
24. What types of receptors usually elicit a direct intracellular response: metabolic or ionotropic?
25. Endogenous vs exogenous ligands
26. Antagonists vs agonist ligands
27. Answer the 3 following questions for the following NT's: GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, neuropeptides in general
    1. What type of NT is it? (inhibitory/ excitatory)
    2. Where in the brain is it released?
    3. What type of receptors can it activate?
28. What is the blood brain barrier?
    1. What are some of its pros?
    2. Cons? (hint: think of drugs)
29. Synaptic vs endocrine communication
30. How are hormones similar to NT? How are they different?
    1. List the 2 ways hormones exert influence
31. List the actions of hormones in the body. What would happen if we didn't have certain hormones? (think about the rooster case study)
32. Anterior pituitary vs posterior pituitary 
33. Hormones of the anterior pituitary 
34. Describe how the HPA axis helps to regulate stress response