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Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment. When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine, why is the environment no longer acidic?
a.Bile salts from the gallbladder neutralize the stomach acid.b.Enterokinase activates trypsinogen, thus neutralizing the stomach acid.c.Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid.d.When pepsinogen activates pepsin, one result is the neutralization of stomach acid in the stomach.
what is the biochemical basis for the spectrum of the fastidiousness seen in the microbial world?
Approximately what percentage of the energy of glucose is transferred to storage in ATP as the result of the complete oxidation of glucose to CO and water in cellular respiration.
Discuss similarities and differences how a farmer would use Rhizobium versus Bacillus thuringiensis? Are there any other types of microbes the farmer could use for similar purposes?
What is a biocide and how is it different from antimicrobial? What are the implications of this for resistance to these chemicals? For resistance to antimicrobials.
Because the rate of evolution depends on the number of new mutations, which is directly proportional to population size, and the probability of fixation of a new mutation, which is inversely proportional to population size.
A three-factor cross in Salmonella typhimurium was performed using bacteriophage P22. The cross was between an arg-leu-his- recipient bacterium and bacteriophage P22, which was grown on an arg+leu+his+ strain. 1000 arg+ transductants were selected..
Wild type e. coli can synthesize all 20 common amino acids, but some mutants, called amino acid auxotrophs, are unable to synthesize a specific amino acid and require its addition to the culture medium for optimal growth.
Field observation suggests that populations of a particular species of herbivorous animals undergo cyclic fluctuations in density at 3 to 5 year intervals. Which represents a plausible explanation of these cycles?
Distinguish between morphological, phylogenetic, and biological species concepts. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
A structural protein may incorporate large amounts of immobilized water as part of its structure. How do protein molecules "freeze" the water in place and make it part of their protein structure?
Explain what randomized control studies are by designing a study of their own choosing that illustrates an understanding of randomized control trials.
Assume you are studying a microorganism from a hot spring that uses organic carbon as an energy and carbon source.
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