Reference no: EM133367978
Assignment:
Different approaches about the link between HIV and AIDS
Currently, most medical scientists believe that AIDS is caused by HIV.
There is a group of scientists who have challenged the HIV-AIDS hypothesis, stating that the correlation is purely circumstantial. They even say that AIDS might not be infectious at all?!
And there is a 3rd group who say that only the presence of HIV in a person does not cause AIDS, but should be another virus, or substance or something else that will trigger the pistol.
Research about this and be an advocate of the approach that is more attractive or makes more sense to you and voice your opinion.
CLINICAL CASE 1
BLOOD FLOW AND BLOOD PRESSURE
High Blood Pressure Treatment and Erectile Dysfunction
A man in his late fifties went to his doctor only to discover that he had high blood pressure. The doctor prescribed some BP medication to help him out. And it did-for the most part. Everything seemed to be back on track; sexual arousal and performance were near normal. But just a week after, the erectile dysfunction started appearing.
Questions
1. Did blood pressure drug itself cause the negative effect on his sexual performance?
2. If yes, which types of Blood Pressure medications cause this problem, and what percentages of men experience it?
3. What is the mechanism of this problem?
4. What is the percentage of men stop taking medication for interfering with sex life?
CLINICAL CASE 2
VASCULAR SYSTEM
Mr. Hutchinson, a middle-aged man, becomes a victim of a collision accident.
He is admitted in an unconscious state.
His right lower leg that was pinned beneath the bus for at least 30 min, is blanched, cold and without pulse.
He has compound fracture of the right tibia.
Blood pressure is 90/48; pulse 140/min thready; patient diaphoretic (sweaty)
Questions
1. What is the condition of the tissues in the right lower leg?
2. Will the fracture be attended to, or will Mr. Hutchinson's other homeostatic needs take precedence? Explain.
3. What do you conclude regarding Mr. Hutchinson's cardiovascular measurements (pulse and BP)?
4. What measurements will be taken to remedy the situation before commencing surgery?
A 61-year-old AAF was admitted to the hospital with a worsening of abdominal pain, upset stomach with heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.
The pain and symptoms started 2-3 days ago. The antacid medication made her well until the morning of this day.
Physical examination shows tenderness of the RLQ of the abdomen, but soft and no rebound. An ECG shows numerous abnormal beats and marked deviation of the segment S-T. CPP was positive, showing troponin elevation, cardiac CK (creatine kinase), in addition to elevated blood glucose levels. Shortly after admission, she suffered cardiac arrest and died.
Questions
- What is your diagnosis? Diverticulitis, Appendicitis, etc.?
- How is your diagnosis based on the physical examination and ECG?
- What do the lab data demonstrate?
- What has caused the cardiac arrest?
- Are the starting and course of the disease typical or not? Explain.
- Is it true that there is a "cardio ptosis of old age"? The heart migrates down towards the abdomen with age.
CLINICAL CASE 8
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Barbara Joley was in the bus that was hit broadside. When she was freed from the wreckage,
she was deeply cyanotic, and her respiration had stopped.
Her heart was still beating, but her pulse was fast and thready.
She had a fracture at the level of the C2 vertebra.
Right thorax compressed; ribs 7 to 9 fractured.
Right lung atelectasis
Questions
1. What might have happened to cause Barbara's cessation of breathing?
2. What procedures should be initiated immediately by the emergency personnel?
3. Why is she cyanotic?
4. Why is only the right lung affected by atelectasis?
5. What is the mechanism of atelectasis?
6. What treatment will be done to reverse the atelectasis?