Reference no: EM133413720
Questions
1. Figure 17.5 Which of the following statements about virus structure is true?
a. All viruses are encased in a viral membrane.
b. The capsomere is made up of small protein subunits called capsids.
c. DNA is the genetic material in all viruses.
d. Glycoproteins help the virus attach to the host cell.
2. Figure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?
3. Figure 17.17 The Rh antigen is found on Rh-positive red blood cells. An Rh-negative female can usually carry an Rh-positive fetus to term without difficulty. However, if she has a second Rh-positive fetus, her body may launch an immune attack that causes hemolytic disease of the newborn. Why do you think hemolytic disease is only a problem during the second or subsequent pregnancies?
4. Which statement is true?
a. A virion contains DNA and RNA.
b. Viruses are acellular.
c. Viruses replicate outside of the cell.
d. Most viruses are easily visualized with a light microscope.
5. The viral ________ plays a role in attaching a virion to the host cell.
a. core
b. capsid
c. envelope
d. both b and c
6. Which statement is true of viral replication?
a. In the process of apoptosis, the cell survives.
b. During attachment, the virus attaches at specific sites on the cell surface.
c. The viral capsid helps the host cell produce more copies of the viral genome.
d. mRNA works outside of the host cell to produce enzymes and proteins.
7. Which of the following is a barrier against pathogens provided by the skin?
a. low pH
b. mucus
c. tears
d. cilia
8. Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with which type of pathogen?
a. bacteria
b. viruses
c. fungi
d. helminths
9. Which innate immune system component uses MHC class I molecules directly in its defense strategy?
a. macrophages
b. neutrophils
c. NK cells
d. interferon
10. The humoral immune response depends on which cells?
a. TC cells
b. B cells
c. B and TH cells
d. TC and TH cells
11. The fact that the body does not normally mount an immune response to the molecules in food is an example of _______.
a. secondary immune response
b. immunological memory
c. immune tolerance
d. passive immunity
12. Foreign particles circulating in the blood are filtered by the ____________.
a. spleen
b. lymph nodes
c. MALT
d. lymph
13. Allergy to pollen is classified as ________.
a. an autoimmune reaction
b. immunodeficiency
c. delayed hypersensitivity
d. immediate hypersensitivity
14. A potential cause of acquired autoimmunity is ______.
a. tissue hypersensitivity
b. molecular mimicry
c. histamine release
d. radiation exposure
15. Autoantibodies are probably involved in ________.
a. reactions to poison ivy
b. pollen allergies
c. systemic lupus erythematosus
d. HIV/AIDS
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
16. Why can't dogs catch the measles?
17. Why is immunization after being bitten by a rabid animal so effective?
18. Different MHC class I molecules between donor and recipient cells can lead to rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue. Suggest a reason for this.
19. If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?
20. How do B and T cells differ with respect to antigens that they bind?
21. Why is the immune response after reinfection much faster than the adaptive immune response after the initial infection?
22. Some photographers develop a sensitivity to certain film developing chemicals leading to severe rashes on their hands such that they are unable to work with them. Explain what is probably happening.