Reference no: EM133580590
1. Shakespeare lived in a hierarchical society. The king was at the top with only God above him. This was also known as the 'Great Chain of Being' and each person had their 'rightful place'. Not only was this order rigid, it was believed to be natural.
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2. As each person's place in society was fixed, there was not much room for rising above your position. When Antonio convinces Sebastian to kill the king, this would have been seen as disrupting the Great Chain of Being.
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3. It is the ambition for power that many characters share that drives lots of the actions in the play. When Prospero says his brother 'entertained ambition' in Act 5, Scene 1, this is an insult as ambition was seen to disrupt the natural order of things.
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4. In Shakespeare's time, European powers like Great Britain, Spain, France, and the Netherlands were all racing to acquire as much land overseas as possible in order to take the natural resources and make themselves rich.
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5. However, when they met the inhabitants of these lands, they met people who did not look, act, or dress like them. The colonizers decided that the people of these other lands were not equal to them, and they exploited the people as well as the lands.
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6. Caliban, a native inhabitant of the island, says to Prospero: "This island's mine, by Sycorax my mother, / Which thou tak'st from me." (Caliban, Act 1, Scene 2). Caliban is enslaved by Prospero and sees himself as the rightful heir to the island. He simply wants the island back from Prospero, who he sees as a usurper. In another of Shakespeare's plays, Macbeth, Malcolm usurps Macbeth and is seen as a hero. When Caliban plots to do the same, he is not seen in the same way. Why do you think this might be?
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