Why antibodies are considered bi-functional molecules

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Question 1. By making reference to their basic structure, discuss why antibodies are considered bi-functional molecules AND briefly describe three antibody-mediated reactions to eliminate invading pathogens.

Question 2. With the aid of a diagram, describe what fragments will be obtained after digesting an antibody with papain and pepsin. Make sure to indicate the places for each enzyme action in an intact immunoglobulin molecule.

Question 3. Explain the process of formation of immunoglobulin A (IgA) dimer AND discuss the role that IgA plays in the mucosal immunity.

Question 4. Compare the primary and secondary antibody immune response in the cases of T-independent and T-dependent antigens.

Reference no: EM133296883

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