Reference no: EM132377338
1. What's the relationship in the United States between state court systems and the federal court system?
State courts are supervised by U.S. circuit courts (U.S. Courts of Appeals): each circuit court has
State courts constitute a separate judicial system and a state case can ordinarily be appealed to the federal system only if it involves a federal issue
State courts are administrative units of the federal court system and their decisions can be overridden at will by a federal court.
State courts must get the approval of the federal courts before they issue a ruling.
2. Which type of Supreme Court opinion are lower-court judges obliged to follow in deciding cases of a similar nature?
majority opinion
plurality opinion
concurring opinion
dissenting opinion
3. Judicial review is
the power of a court to decide whether another government institution has acted within its constitutional powers and, if not, to nullify its actions.
the power of a court to review cases heard previously in a lower court.
the power of a court to hear cases of a particular type.
the power of the Senate to review the president's judicial nominees and to confirm or reject a nominee.
4. The Supreme Court has been called "the world's most powerful court." Even if the claim is exaggerated, the Supreme Court is more powerful than the high courts of nearly all countries. What's the main reason the Supreme Court is extraordinarily powerful?
The Supreme Court's justices hold lifetime terms whereas judges in most countries hold office for a limited period of time.
Because of the nation's extensive system of divided and limited powers, constitutional disputes over the boundaries of these powers occur frequently; the U.S. Supreme Court has the power to decide what these boundaries will be and thus to decide what powers the branches and levels of government can lawfully exercise.
The Supreme Court has only nine members where the highest court in most countries has a larger number of members.
The Supreme Court picks the cases it hears and selects only the important ones whereas the high court in most countries is required to hear cases of particular types.
5. The power of the Supreme Court to review a laws passed by Congress as unconstitutional was established in which decision?
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Marbury v. Madison
McCulloch v. Maryland
Martin v. Hunter's Lesse
6. The Rule of Four refers to the minimum number of justices needed to
decide a case that is binding on states
remove a justice for ethics violations
force a decision on a controversial issue
accept a case for review by the Court
7. Who normally represents the U.S. government when arguing a case before the Supreme Court?
The president's chief of staff
The solicitor general
The president's chief counsel
The attorney general
8. The judicial principal of following long-standing doctrinal decisions is known as
nolo contende
amicus curiae
cogito ergo sum
stare decisis
9. Justice Stephen Breyer and former justice Antonin Scalia have different approaches to the Constitution. Justice Breyer is known as a proponent of
originalism
textualism
the living constitution
the dead constitution
10. All of the following are checks on the judiciary EXCEPT
nomination by president
requirement to decide a case between legitimate adversaries
rule by precedent
Life tenure