Reference no: EM133676030
Questions
1. Which statement about body growth in early childhood is true?
During early childhood, children gain height and weight at a greater rate than during their first two years.
The rapid increase in body size during the first two years tapers off into a slower growth pattern.
Children add "baby fat" and gradually become heavier and more muscular.
By age 5, children become more top-heavy, bowlegged, and potbellied.
2. Between ages 2 and 6, ________.
the brain increases from 40 percent of its adult weight to 60 percent
synaptic pruning slows or ends in many parts of the cerebral cortex
the brain increases from 70 percent of its adult weight to 90 percent
energy consumption of most cortical regions diminishes to near-adult levels
3. Compared to adults, 4- and 5-year-olds have ________ synapses in their cerebral cortex and ________ energy metabolism.
fewer; higher
fewer; lower
more; higher
more; lower
4. ________ occurs when neurons that are seldom stimulated lose their connective fibers.
Synaptic pruning
Lateralization
Cortical overproduction
Cerebral dominance
5. Fibers linking the ________ to the ________ grow and myelinate from birth through the preschool years, contributing to dramatic gains in motor coordination.
corpus callosum; reticular formation
cerebellum; cerebral cortex
reticular formation; cerebellum
cerebral cortex; hippocampus
6. The hippocampus plays a vital role in ________.
sustained, controlled attention
memory and spatial understanding.
fine motor skills
balance and control of body movement
7. The amygdala ________.
plays a vital role in memory and in images of space that help us find our way
supports smooth coordination of movements on both sides of the body
helps ensure that information relevant to survival will be retrieved
aids in balance and control of body movement
8. A study by the National Institutes of Health measuring the differences in gray matter volume found that ___.
gray matter volumes among children who grew up in poverty were almost always at least 25 percent lower than the national average
persistent childhood poverty can compromise brain structures crucial for learning, school success, and a satisfying adult life
atypical brain development was responsible for the entire score gap between the poorest children and their better-off peers
interventions designed to address the effects of extreme poverty are unlikely to have significant effects on cognitive abilities
9. The pituitary gland releases ________, which stimulates the liver and epiphyses of the skeleton to release ________.
growth hormone; insulin-like growth factor 1
thyroxine; growth hormone
insulin-like growth factor 1; growth hormone
thyroxine; insulin-like growth factor 1
10. Which statement about immunizations and autism is true?
Numerous large-scale studies show no association between the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism.
In areas where many parents refuse to immunize their children, disease outbreaks are no more common than in other areas.
Because concerns about a link between immunizations and autism are relatively new, no studies of the issue have been completed.
Research has confirmed a moderate causal link between common immunizations and a rise in the number of children diagnosed with autism.