Reference no: EM133404367

Question 1

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex contains the primary visual cortex?

A. Frontal

B. Temporal

C. Occipital

D. Parietal

Question 2

What can chemoreceptors convey a CONSCIOUS sensation of?

A. Pain

B. Equilibrium

C. Blood oxygen

D. Cold

Question 3

Type 1, slowly-adapting somatosensory receptors such as Merkel's disks convey which of the following 2 properties for the sensation of pressure on the skin?

a. Fine discrimination and onset

b. Diffuse discrimination and onset

c. Diffuse discrimination and duration

d. Fine discrimination and duration

Question 4

In the human version of the homunculus for the primary somatosensory cortex which of the following regions has the largest area of cortical representation relative to body size?

A. Jaw

B. Eyes

C. Figures

D. Torso

Question 5

Severing the left half of the spinal cord in the transverse plane at T10 will impair which of the following sensations?

A. Pain in left arm

B. Touch in left leg

C. Pain in right arm

D. Touch in right leg

Question 6

Axons of descending motor neurons that cross from the right to the left in pyramidal decussation of the brainstem are neurons from the ____________ corticospinal tract originating in the ___________ precentral gyrus.

A. ventral; left

B. lateral; left

C. lateral; right

D. ventral; right

Question 7

Which region of the cerebral cortex is activated for planning complex motor functions, particularly based on visual stimuli?

A. Premotor cortex

B. Primary somatosensory cortex

C. Primary motor cortex

D. Supplementary motor cortex

Question 8

Which region of the limbic system provides sensory information and serves as a powerful trigger for memories?

A. Amygdala

B. Olfactory bulb

C. Hippocampus

D. Cingulate cortex

Question 9

Receptive aphasia produces a deficit in __________ of language and occurs with damage to __________ area within the brain.

A. formulation; Wernicke's

B. comprehension; Broca's

C. formulation; Broca's

D. comprehension; Wernicke's

Question 10

Stepping on something sharp with your left foot will evoke a spinal reflex to lift your left leg by activating:

A. spinal interneurons in right dorsal horn.

B. baroreceptors in the right foot.

C. motor neurons in left ventral horn.

D. right somatosensory cortex.

Quiz 3

Question 11

Upper motor neurons that are activated during bilateral movements and mental rehearsal of movements originate from ________ cortex.

A. primary motor

B. somatosensory

C. premotor

D. supplementary motor

Question 12

The lateral and ventral corticospinal tracts each have a back-up tract that can help regain function with damage to the corticospinal tracts. Which tract is secondary to the ventral corticospinal tract?

A. Recticulospinal tract

B. Tectospinal tract

C. Rubrospinal tract

D. Vestibulospinal tract

Question 13

Type IIA motor units can be distinguished from Type 1 and Type IIB by which of the following properties?

A. produce the strongest and most fatigue-resistant muscle contractions.

B. uses both oxidative and glycolytic metabolism for fast-twitch, fatigue resistance.

C. Are innervated by medium-sized upper motor neurons.

D. are recruited last according to the size principle.

Question 14

Which of the following is a typical sign of damage to lower AND upper motor neurons?

A. immediate hyperreflexia

B. hemiplegia

C. immediate flaccid paralysis

D. wasting of muscle fibers

Question 15

A motor unit is defined as which of the following?

A. One lower motor neuron that innervates multiple fiber types

B. The upper motor neurons that innervate one fiber type

C. The lower motor neurons that innervate a muscle

D. The muscle fibers innervated by one lower motor neuron

Question 16

Activation of sympathetic postganglionic neurons to the heart will activate _____ receptors and ____ heart rate.

A. beta adrenergic; increase

B. beta adrenergic; decrease

C. muscarinic cholinergic; decrease

D. nicotinic cholinergic; increase

Question 17

For retention of urine by the bladder, somatic motor nerves ______ and sympathetic nerves ______.

A. constrict the internal sphincter; contract the bladder wall.

B. constrict the external sphincter; contract the bladder wall.

C. constrict the internal sphincter; relax the bladder wall.

D. constrict the external sphincter; relax the bladder wall.

Question 18

Unlike the somatic motor system, neurons in the autonomic nervous system:

A. use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.

B. innervate skeletal muscle.

C. innervate smooth muscle.

D. make discrete contacts with targets.

Question 19

Giving epinephrine to relieve constriction of bronchioles due to anaphylactic shock would also cause:

A. decreased heart rate.

B. dilation of pupils.

C. increased gut motility.

D. increased sweating.

Question 20

Unlike the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:

A. has two neurons between the CNS and their targets.

B. has preganglionic neurons that come from the brain stem.

C. activates cholinergic nicotinic receptors at their targets.

D. uses norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter.

Question 21

What is the one plane of section that divides the brain and spinal cord into the same planes of orientation?

A. Frontal

B. Sagittal

C. Coronal

D. Horizontal

Question 22

When axons are damaged, they undergo a predictable series of responses. Which of these responses happens in peripheral neurons but not neurons in the central nervous system?

A. regeneration from the proximal segment of the axon

B. regeneration from the distal segment of the axon

C. degeneration of the distal segment of the axon

D. degeneration of myelin around the axon

Question 23

Which of the 4 major protective mechanisms for the central nervous system includes a critical role for glial cells?

A. blood brain barrier

B. cerebrospinal fluid

C. bones

D. meninges

Question 24

Which layer of meninges separates the central nervous system from the cerebrospinal fluid?

A. dura mater

B. pia mater

C. arachnoid mater

Question 25

The back of the brain (toward the back of the head) corresponds with the caudal plane of orientation. Which part of the spinal cord corresponds with the caudal plane of orientation?

A. top of the spinal cord (toward the brain)

B. he back of the spinal cord (toward the back)

C. bottom of the spinal cord (toward the legs)

D. the front of the spinal cord (toward the belly)