Which confounders were considered in the analyses

Assignment Help Other Subject

Reference no: EM133329236

Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19-Related Mortality in the Critical Care Setting: A National Cohort Study in England, March-July 2020 (Dennis, et al. 2021)

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the relationship between type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality among adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the critical care setting.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:

This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study in people admitted to hospital in England with COVID-19 requiring admission to a high dependency unit (HDU) or intensive care unit (ICU) between 1 March 2020 and 27 July 2020. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate 30-day in-hospital all-cause mortality associated with type 2 diabetes, with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, and other major comorbidities (chronic respiratory disease, asthma, chronic heart disease, hypertension, immunosuppression, chronic neurological disease, chronic renal disease, and chronic liver disease).

RESULTS:

A total of 19,256 COVID-19-related HDU and ICU admissions were included in the primary analysis, including 13,809 HDU (mean age 70 years) and 5,447 ICU (mean age 58 years) admissions. Of those admitted, 3,524 (18.3%) had type 2 diabetes and 5,077 (26.4%) died during the study period. Patients with type 2 diabetes were at increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.23 [95% CI 1.14, 1.32]), and this result was consistent in HDU and ICU subsets. The relative mortality risk associated with type 2 diabetes decreased with higher age (age 18-49 years aHR 1.50 [95% CI 1.05, 2.15], age 50-64 years 1.29 [1.10, 1.51], and age ≥65 years 1.18 [1.09, 1.29]; P value for age-type 2 diabetes interaction = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS:

Type 2 diabetes may be an independent prognostic factor for survival in people with severe COVID-19 requiring critical care treatment, and in this setting the risk increase associated with type 2 diabetes is greatest in younger people.

a) Based on the abstract above, which confounders were considered in the analyses?

b) In this study, the authors used Cox proportional hazard models for the main analyses. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct (Select all that apply):

Hazards of death were assumed to be constant over time
Hazard ratios of death comparing patients with or without diabetes were assumed to be constant over time
The Cox proportional hazard models could account for different follow-up time among patients
The Cox proportional hazard models assume the same follow-up time among patients

Reference no: EM133329236

Questions Cloud

Sizes of earth and moon to scale : The figure above shows the sizes of Earth and the Moon to scale; the scale used is 1 cm = 4000 km.

How does don quixote compare to the other heroes : How does Don Quixote compare to the other heroes that we've studied in this course? Choose two characters to make your comparison.

Summarizes the mitigation of security risks : Summarizes the mitigation of security risks through an analysis of EHR access and EHR management, including at least three examples

What are some of the pastoral images in the soldier : What are some of the pastoral images in "The Soldier"? (2019) What does the presence of his body make the place he dies? How are heaven and England compared

Which confounders were considered in the analyses : which confounders were considered in the analyses - Hazard ratios of death comparing patients with or without diabetes were assumed to be constant over time

What are the enemies in the story : Who or what are the enemies in the story? Who are the victims? Who is responsible for the tragedy?

Describe tremendous diversity in asian american population : Describe the tremendous diversity in the Asian American population, the history of American legal discrimination against Asian Americans and

Write your scenario and provide the PCS code : same or different and how. Finally, which method do you prefer, the book or 3M, and why. Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with references

Describe asian immigration into hawaii : Describe Asian immigration into Hawaii and the U.S. and emigration from Asian countries to California, British Columbia, and the Pacific Coast.

User Account

All Pages