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In order to continue the operation of a small chemical plant at the same capacity, it will be necessary to make some changes on one of the reactors in the system. The decision has been made by management that the unit must continue in service for the next 12 years and the company policy is that no unnecessary investments are made unless at least an 8 percent rate of return (end-of-year compounding) can be obtained. Two possible ways for making a satisfactory change in the reactor are as follows:
(1) Make all the critical changes now at a cost of $5800 so the reactor will be satisfactory to use for 12 years.
(2) Make some of the changes now at a cost of $5000 which will permit operation for 8 years and then make changes costing $2500 to permit operation for the last 4 years.
(a) Which alternative should be selected if no inflation is anticipated over the next 12 years?
(b) Which alternative should be selected if inflation at a rate of 7 percent (end-of-year compounding) is assumed for all future costs?
One mol of methanol vapor is cooled under constant pressure in a closed system by removing 25000 J of heat. Initially, the system is at 2 bar, 200 °C. Determine the final temperature.
In terms of heat treatment and the development of microstructure, what are two major limitations of the iron-iron carbide phase diagram?
What is the kinetic energy and the potential energy of ball B at point II? The potential energy is given by PE mgz, where m is the mass in kilograms, g is the gravitational constant (9.81 m/s2), and z is the distance in meters.
A 100-liter fed-batch fermenter was successfully operated for 200 h using an aeration rate of 14 l/s and a 5 W agitator. It is proposed to scale the fermentation up to 10,000 liters. What agitator power consumption is required?
One mol of n-butane and 1 mol of n-pentane are charged into a container. The container is heated to 180oF where the pressure read 100 psia. Determine the quantities and compositions of the phases in the container.
Does this distribution fit a normal distribution curve?
Derive an equation for the latent heat of fusion that is a function of the radius of the particle. Using this equation, for a copper particle that has a radius of 2.5 nm, find the ratio of the latent heat of fusion of the particle to the laten..
Steam at 100°C is passed into a condenser at a rate of 500 kg/h and leaves as water at 60°C. If the condenser is supplied with cooling water which enters at 20°C and leaves at 40°C, calculate:- how much heat per hour is extracted from the steam.
A piece of hemlock wood measuring 15.15 x 14.8 x 0.75 cm is to be dried from the two large faces from an initial total moisture content of 90% to a final average total moisture content of lo%, with drying taking place in the falling-rate period wi..
All other conditions are the same as those specified in Example 5 of this chapter, except that Bi is not given. 8. Present a detailed derivation of Eq. (481 in this chapter, using, as a starting point, any of the other equations that are given.
What is the settling velocity in still air of a particle that is 40 µm in diameter and spherical? The particle has a density of 1400 Kg/m3. Use a density of 1.2 Kg/m3 and a viscosity
Safety considerations require that the maximum steady-state temperature of the system remain below 475°C. Will a spherical container with inner and outer diameters of 1.0 m and 1.2 m, respectively, satisfy this requirement?
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