Reference no: EM133385922
Problem #1: The Public Health Service Syphilis Study (1932-1971)
- The study involving 400 poor black men in rural Alabama initially designed to study syphilis.
- The study continued to track these men until 1972 when the first public accounts of the study appeared in the national press.
- Public was outraged.
- The study resulted in 28 deaths, 100 cases of disability, 40 wives had been infected, and 19 cases of congenital syphilis.
- In 1973, Fred Gray filed a $1.8 billion lawsuit against the Government
- Government settled out of court for $10 million
- 1994 President Clinton formally apologized to the survivors and the families
What were some of the ethical problems? (list and explain at least 8 items)
Problem #2: Fortmann SP, Burda BU, Senger CA, Lin JS, Whitlock EP. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: An Updated Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159:824-834. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00729
The systematic review is available online and accessible for free through the journal Annals of Internal Medicine at the following URL:
Please read the systematic review and respond to the following questions:
- Following the PICO frame-work we have discussed: describe succinctly the Population for this systematic review.
- Following the PICO frame-work we have discussed: describe succinctly the Interventions and Comparisons for this systematic review.
- Following the PICO frame-work we have discussed: describe succinctly for the Outcomes for this systematic review.
- What is the type of study design that this systematic review included for assessing "the effectiveness or safety of supplements in the primary prevention of CVD, cancer, or all-cause mortality"?
- How many individuals performed the title and abstract screening for each citation that was found in the search?
- How many individuals assessed the risk of bias (or quality) for each included study?
- What is the rationale of having two or more individuals complete the systematic review-related tasks of title and abstract screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment? Please write in your own words and limit your answer to 100 words.
Problem #3: Rayman MP, Blundell-Pound G, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E, Steinbrenner H, Stranges S. A randomized trial of selenium supplementation and risk of type-2 diabetes, as assessed by plasma adiponectin. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45269. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045269. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
The trial report is available online and accessible for free through the journal Plos ONE:
First, read the above report, paying particular attention to the "Methods" section of the main body of the article. Please base your answers ONLY on the text available in the article.
Please indicate the risk of bias as Low, Unclear, or High for each of the following risk of bias criteria and provide verbatim text from the article as supporting evidence for why you rated that risk of bias criterion as Low, Unclear, or High:
- Sequence generation
- Allocation concealment
- Blinding or masking of participants. Identify criteria for study population.
- Blinding or masking of outcome assessors for the outcome "mean plasma selenium concentration"
- Blinding or masking of outcome assessors for the outcome "adverse events". Identify primary and other (if applicable) outcomes.
- Blinding or masking of health care providers
Problem #4:
- What is the Belmont Report?
- List & Describe the three basic principles associated with The Belmont Report
- List and Describe the three applications of The Belmont Report
Problem #5:
Title of the project: The effect of fresh red cell transfusions on intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants: A Systematic review.
- Formulate PICO format question
- Describe search strategy
- Apply basic and advanced search. Illustrate your results from PubMed or other databases (make a screenshot of pages with search results):
- by using three Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT
- by using specifying filters
What is the overview of contributing factors
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What are your ideas about metacommunication
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Analyze how hospital data of specific nursing-quality
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Estimate the house cost if they do some of work themselves
: If the contractor hires laborers at $45/hour, with an overhead of 25%, what are the direct costs of labor and the total direct costs for a laborer?
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What were some of the ethical problems
: What were some of the ethical problems - What is the type of study design that this systematic review included for assessing "the effectiveness or safety
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Is the process in the brain and impact on memory the same
: Some stress is for happy occasions, such as getting married, while other stress is not, like work stress. Is the process in the brain and impact on memory
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Identify a population that might be challenging for you
: Identify a population that might be challenging for you as a future counselor. Explain why. Identify what population might be suitable for distance counseling.
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Discuss your motivation for your research with regard
: discuss your motivation for your research with regard to ethical conduct, stewardship, and dissemination of research in relation to the following quote
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Importance of ioms six aims for quality improvement
: Define quality and describe the importance of IOM's six aims for quality improvement. And discuss the PDCA cycle and describe how this tool can be used.
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