Reference no: EM131810783

Question - Need help with the following Clinical Biochemistry Case Studies.

CASE 1: A 7-year-old boy was admitted unconscious to a casualty department. On examination he was found to be hyperventilating. He had inadvertently consumed ethylene glycol antifreeze, which he had found in his parent's garage stored in a lemonade bottle. Blood results were as follows.

PLASMA

Sodium 134mmol/L(135-145)

Potassium 6.0mmol/L (3.5-5.0)

Bicarbonate 10mmol/L (24-32)

Chloride 93mmol/L(95-105)

Glucose 5.3mmol/L(3.5 -6.0)

ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES

pH 7.2 (7.35-7.45)

paCo2 3.8kPa (4.6-6.0)

PaO2 13.1kPa (9.3-13.3)

MY QUESTION: It is said that the patient is suffering from METABOLIC ACIDOSIS but why isn't it RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS since hyperventilation is a sign of respiratory alkalosis? Please Kindly explain. Thank you

CASE 2: 75 years of age man with dyspnea. congestive heart failure, edema

Test results:

Na 123mEq/L (135-147)

K 4.1 mEq (3.5-5.0)

Cl 90mEq/L (22-28)

BUN 30mg/dL (8-18)

Glucose 100mg/dL (70-110)

QUESTIONS:

1. What treatment should be used?

2. Why is BUN increased?