What minimum pressure must be applied by hand pumping

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Reference no: EM131026348

Assume that a portable reverse-osmosis apparatus operates on seawater, whose concentrations of constituent ions are listed in Table, and that the desalinated water output has an effective molarity of about 0.02 M. What minimum pressure must be applied by hand pumping at 297 K to cause reverse osmosis to occur?

Table: Ionic constituents of Seawater Present in Concentrations Greater Than 0.001 g/kg(1 ppm)

Ionic Constituent	Salinity	Concentration (M)
Chloride, Cl^-	19.35	55
Sodium, Na⁺	10.76	0.47
Sulfate, SO4^2-	2.71	0.028
Magnesium, Mg²⁺	1.29	0.054
Calcium, Ca²⁺	0.412	0.01
Potassium, K⁺	0.4	1110
Carbon dioxide*	0.106	2.3 X 10-3
Bromide, Br^-	0.067	83 X 10-4
Boric acid, H3B03	0.027	4.3 X 10-4
Strontium, Sr²⁺	0.0079	9.1 X 10-5
Fluoride, F^-	0.0013	7.0 X 10-5

Reference no: EM131026348

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