Reference no: EM132934687

1. John has a tumor on the left aide of the frontal lobe. The surgeons decide to remove his tumor by brain surgery.

a. Before entering brain, the cranium bone has to be removed first. What kind of landmarks on the bone to guide the surgeons to the right location?

b. Once the cranium is removed, the meninges appears. Which layer of the meninges is closed to the brain,

c. Once the surgeons enter the brain, what landmark on the brain that surgeons look in order to find frontal lobe? Briefly explain your answer.

2. In Parkinson patients, briefly describe why basal ganglia is out of control? In Hungtinton patients, briefly describe why basal ganglia is out of control?

3. What is the role of mossy fiber in cerebellum? What is the major output neurons in cerebellum

4. Joe stepped onto a needle. He feels strong pain.

a. What is under his skin to sense the pain?

b. What axonal fibers will transmit this pain to spinal cord.

c. Why choose these fibers not other types of fibers ( in terms of speed)

d. Once spinal cord receives the pain sensation, describe how this pain feeling is relayed before reaching cortex?

e. This pain sensation triggers the release if endogenous pain killers. Name 1 endogenous pain killer.