Reference no: EM133235863

Burke MP, Jones SJ, Frongillo EA, Fram MS, Blake CE, Freedman DA. Severity of household food insecurity and lifetime racial discrimination among African-American households in South Carolina. Ethn Health. 2018 Apr;23(3):276-292

Objectives: In 2014, 30% of African-American households with children had low or very low food security, a rate double that of white households with children. A household has low food security if its members experience food shortages and reductions in food quality attributable to a lack of household resources or access and very low food security if its members also experience reductions in food intake and disrupted eating patterns. Households that are either low or very low food secure are known collectively as food insecure. We examined the association between the severity of household food insecurity and reports of lifetime racial discrimination among a sample of food-insecure African-American households in South Carolina.

Design: Data were collected from 154 African-American respondents. Food insecurity was measured using the US Department of Agriculture's Household Food Security Survey Module. Lifetime racial discrimination was measured using the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version (PEDQ-CV). We used logistic regression to test the association between severity of food insecurity (low vs. very low food secure), PEDQ-CV score and PEDQ-CV subscales. All models were adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic variables.

Results: A one-unit increase in the frequency of lifetime racial discrimination was associated with a 5% increase in the odds of being very low food secure (odds ratio (OR) 1.05, P < .05). More reports of discrimination that were stigmatizing or devaluing (OR 1.16, P < .05), took place at a workplace or school (OR 1.15, P < .05) or were threatening or aggressive (OR 1.39, P < .05) increased the odds of being very low food secure. More reports of racial discrimination that were excluding or rejecting did not significantly increase the odds of being very low food secure (OR 1.07, P > .05).

Conclusions: Severity of household food insecurity is associated with lifetime racial discrimination among African-American households in South Carolina.

1. What is the unit of observation in the Burke et al 2018 publication?  Please select one.
   1. Individual
   2. Group

1. When were the exposure and outcome  measured in the Burke et al 2018 publication? (from  the investigator perspective)
   1. Exposure before outcome
   2. Outcome before exposure
   3. Exposure and outcome at same time

1. Based on study designs you've learned to date, which type of study design best describes the Burke et al 2018 publication? Select one of the following response options below the abstract.
   1. Cohort 
   2. Cross-sectional
   3. Repeated Cross-sectional
   4. Case Series
   5. Case Control
   6. Ecologic Cross-sectional
   7. Ecologic  (Repeated)
   8. Randomized Control Trial
   9. Intervention, (not randomized)