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The maximum eight-hour average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in an urban area is measured to be 17 ppm. The NAAQS is 9 ppmv (equivalent to 10.3 mg/m^3 estimated at P = 1 atm and T=298.25°K). Automobile emissions are believed to be the only major source of CO; it is assumed there is no background contribution for other sources. Assume also that CO can be modeled as chemically non-reactive over the period of interest. Answer the following questions:
a. If the average wind speed is 3 m/s and the urban area has the dimension of 95 x 95 km with a mixing height of 500 m, what is the steady state emission rate (mg/m^2-s) of CO by the automobiles that would lead to the measured city air concentration of CO of 17 ppm?
b. How much of a reduction in the automobile emission rate would be required to achieve the maximum eight-hour average NAAQS for CO at steady state 9 ppmv ( (10.3 mg/m^3)?
Assume that bonding atoms touch one another, that the angle between adjacent bonds is 109.5, and that each atom internal to the unit cell is positioned a/4 of the distance away from the two nearest cell faces.
The elevation of the lowest bottom of the structure is at 1470 feet. Calculate the maximum length (feet) of the parabolic curve required to meet the given conditions.
A four-lane urban freeway (two lanes in each direction) is located on rolling terrain and has 12-ft lanes, no lateral obstructions within 6 ft of the pavement edges, and an interchange every 2 miles.
Assuming the center of gravity of the student aligns with the axis of the pole and the pole has an elastic behabior, how high can they climb (in meters, m) just before the pole buckles
A saturated sample of clay with an sl 20 has a natural water content of 32%. What would its dry volume be as a percentage of its original volume of Gs.= 2.67.
The design of a masonry wall to support vertical compression loading is influenced by the same factors that affect the design of all compression elements. One of these factors is the extent of rotational restraint at the top of the wall.
A NCSU student turned on his/her 150 W fan inside his/her room, 4m * 6m * 6m, before going to class in the morning of a summer day, excepting to find his/her room cooler when he/she returns at night.
The prototype and model will both be in air, if the prototype has a velocity of 500 ft/s and a diameter of 30 ft, what should the velocity for the model be if the model diameter is 2 ft
velocities in a 200-mm-diameter circular conduit, measured at radii of 0,36,64, and 87 mm were 7.0, 6.8, 6.1, and 5.0 m/s, respectively. Find the approximate values (graphically) of the volume flow rate and the mean velocity.
A ciricular sewer is laid on a slope of 0.5%. What diameter is required if the concrete pipe is to carry 25 cfs If the desired design mean suction velocity is between 3 and 7 ft/s, is the design acceptable
A permeation membrane separates an inlet air stream (79 mol% N2, 21 mol% O2) into a permeate stream and a reject stream. The inlet stream conditions are 293K, 0.5 MPa and 2 mol/min; the conditions for both outlet streams are 293 K and 0.1 MPa.
the room described in problem 8.1 gas a 1 m wude door with a 1 cm high slit at the floor level. THe oil spill has a rectagular area of sides 0.5 m by 0.5 m. (a) calculate the pressure increase, the air velocity, and the mass flow rate throug the sl..
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