Reference no: EM132286961

1. What is the octet rule?

2. Which element in the table below does NOT follow the octet rule? Why?

3. In ionic bonding, atoms will gain or lose electrons to form stable ions and anions will be attracted to cations.  What causes an atom to become a cation?  What causes it to become an anion?

4. Covalent bonding occurs between two nonmetals (electron acceptors).  Rather than takingan electron, and becoming an ion, a nonmetal will share one or more with another nonmetal (because they both want electrons).  Why do nonmetals tend to wantelectrons? 

Fill in the color or some other identifier for each atom. Next, determine the number of electrons each atoms needs to gain in order to have a full outer energy level (complete octet like a noble gas). The number of electrons needed is the maximum number of bonds an atom can have.

Color

Element

Number of e^-Needed

Number of Bonds

Hydrogen

Carbon

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Iodine

Chlorine

5. Why are chlorine and iodine so similar?

Next, we need to have sticks to represent bonds. A stick is the equivalent of two shared electrons.  

• 1 stick = single bond (2 electrons)
• 2 sticks = double bond (4 electrons)
• 3 sticks = triple bond (6 electrons)

6. Molecules of these substances have only single bonds. Use your homemade modeling kits to build each of the following molecules. Take pictures of all of your molecules (ether one at a time, or in groups) and paste your pictures at the end of this document.Make sure they are properly labeled and your face is in at least one of the pictures.

a. H₂

b. HOCl

c. HOI

d. CH₄

e. H₂O

f. I₂

g. H₂O₂

h. HCl

i. CH₃OH

j. CH₃NH₂

k. NH₃

l. CH₂Cl₂

7. Molecules of these substances have double bonds. There may be more than one doublebond present.

1. O₂
2. CCl₂O
3. CO₂
4. CH₂O
5. HCOOH
6. C₂H₄

8. Molecules of these substances have triple bonds.

1. N₂
2. C₂H₂
3. HCN