What is the name for the origin of this type of error

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Reference no: EM133654693

Assignment - Uncertainty and Errors

Question 1: A measurement of the block width is made as below

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A Name the type of uncertainty/error in the following measurement of the block width (e.g., systematic or random etc.).

B What is the name for the origin of this type of error e.g. calibration error, manufacturing error etc...

C How will this type of uncertainty/error affect accuracy and precision?

Question 2 a) Write down the measurement value with associated uncertainty X ±ΔX for the four voltage readings A - D,

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B Assume the digital display is staying steady in B over time (not changing). What can be determined about systematic error and the random error in the reading of 1.55?

C If the digital reading in B was jumping around say between a minimum of 1.53 and a maximum of 1.57, how should this measurement be reported? What does this tell you about the systematic and random error in the measurement?

Question 3 Give an example of each of the following systematic errors in a measurement system. Loading, operator, environmental, electrical offset, calibration

Question 4 Monitoring and programming sensor systems to identify anomalous behaviour in the sensor output is essential to data integrity. Often sensors contain code that allow them to self-diagnose their performance and any malfunction. An understanding of the performance of the sensor and the measurand is thus essential before the sensor is deployed. It is important to know how quickly the measurand can change naturally so that anomalous behaviour can be detected.

A.Sketch the output of a sensor that is becoming noisier in time. Sketch the output of a sensor that undergoes an abrupt change in output

B. Name some measurands and environments that might naturally show abrupt change and those that might not.

Question 5. Sensor manufacturers are often conservative in their spec sheets and often quote an overall accuracy and/or show errors band on transfer functions in the spec sheet that is larger than what can be achieved in practice. Manufacturer's error bands are based on worst case (which may not always be realised) and on the full span of the device.

In what instancemight a user achieve a better accuracy (and performance) than specification?

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Question 6. The density of an object of mass M and volume V is calculated using:

ρ=mass/volume, ρ=M/V

Measurements give uncertainties of ΔM and ΔV in the mass and volume of an object respectively:

Mass = M ±ΔM , Volume = V ±ΔV ,

complete the following steps to derive an equation to calculate the relative (Δρ/ρ)and absolute uncertainty (Δρ)in the calculated density.

i.e., density = ρ±Δρ= ??

Relative error (mass) =

Relative error (volume) =

Relative error (density) =

Write this in terms of the preceding relative errors...

Absolute error (density) =

Write this in terms of the relative error in mass and volume and the calculated density ρ

e) Use your formula to calculate the density with uncertainty of an object that whose volume and mass is reported to be 100 ± 8 mL and 200 ± 5 g respectively.

Question 7: Calculate the uncertainty in the calculated power (P = VI) dissipated by a component when the voltage is reported to be 100 +/- 1 V and the current is reported to be 10.0 +/- 0.1 A.

Do this for two cases. The reported measurement and uncertainty is
a) statistically based (e.g., determined from n measurements, with n > 10
b) not statistically based (e.g., determined from a one-off measurement)

Which method yields the higher uncertainty in the calculated power?

Reference no: EM133654693

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