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Optical damage considerations and the study of SBS. The threshold intensity for optical damage to fused silica is approximately 3 GW/cm2 and is of the same order of magnitude for most optical materials. (See, for example, Lowdermilk and Milam, 1981.) Use this fact and the value of the SBS gain factor at line center quoted in Table 9.3.1 to determine the minimum length of a cell utilizing fused-silica windows that can be used to excite SBS in acetone with a collimated laser beam. Assume that the laser intensity is restricted to 50% of the threshold intensity as a safety factor to avoid damage to the windows. If the laser pulse length is 20 nsec, what is the minimum value of the laser pulse energy per unit area that can be used to excite SBS? (SBS is often excited by tightly focused laser beams rather than by collimated beams to prevent optical damage to the windows of the cell
Place the scientific mass on the inclined plane and string over the pulley. Using a force-measuring device, pull the string and determine the force needed to obtain static equilibrium.
The column is constructed from high-strength concrete and four A-36 steel reinforcing rods. If it is subjected to an axial force of 37.5 kN , determine the required diameter of each rod so that one-fourth of the load is carried by the concrete
At a point in a material, a resultant stress of 151 MN/m^2 acts in a direction making angles of 52 deg, 79 deg, and 40.13 deg with the coordinate axes, x,y and z respectively
1.estimatetheparticleremovalefficiencyinarectangularsedimentationtankwithadepthof4mwidthof8mlengthof40mandprocessflowrat
The drainage area upstream of a small dam is 20 acres. On a certainday the pond was 9 feet deep with a surface area of 1.6 acres. That night, a 5.4 inch rainstorm caused a large rise in the pond.
Air (m=28.97kg/kmol) is uniformly heated at steady state as it flows through a cylindrical constant area duct. It enters the channel uniformly at 2.5atm, 300K and 80m/s and exits at 1.5atm.
A 20 kg block slides along the rough surface for which the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.2. The block strikes a nonlinear spring with a speed of v=4.5 m/s. The spring is termed
The concentration of cadmium ion (Cd^+2) in water is 225 mg/L. Will a precipiate be consumed or produced at pH 9.0? Will a precipitate be consumed or produced at pH 7.5
Assume excavation costs at $100/m3, side lining costs at $50/m2, and cover cost at 25/m2. Determine the dimensions of the pit that minimize cost -If the side slope is unconstrained and -If the side slope must me less than 450
A small truck is to be driven down a 4% grade at 70mi/hr. The coefficient of road adhesion is 0.95, and it is known that the baking efficiency is 80% when the truck is empty and decreases by one percentage point for every 100 lb of cargo added.
a body slides down a frictionless plane and during the third second after starting from rest if it travels 20.4m. what
A 20 mgd wastewater treatment plants primary clarifier influent has 800 mg/l solids. the clarifier removes 18 percent of the solids. the sludge flow rate is 0.070 MGD.
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