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The rough ER is the site of synthesis of many different classes of membrane protein. Some of these proteins remain in the ER, whereas others are sorted to compartments such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane (PM). One measure of the difficulty of the sorting problem is the degree of "purification" that must be achieved during transport from the ER to the other compartments. For example, if membrane proteins bound for the PM represented 90% of all the proteins in the ER, then only a small degree of purification would be needed (and the sorting problem would appear relatively easy). On the other hand, if PM proteins represented only 0.01% of the proteins in the ER, a very large degree of purification would be required (and the sorting problem would appear much more difficult).
What is the magnitude of the sorting problem? What fraction of membrane proteins in the ER are destined for other compartments?
A special Mixture of gases is blended for SCUBA diving that contains 30 percent Oxygen and 70 percent Nitrogen. At atmospheric pressure what is the partial pressure of the oxygen in mmHG.
What two groups of organisms live symbiotically to form lichens? Of what benefit are mycorrhizal fungi to plants? How does this symbiotic relationship benefit the fungus.
You are designing a new single-celled organism. Discuss the problems of size, getting molecules like nutrients and wastes in and out, temperature, energy and replication of genetic materials.
You cross a curved-wing (c), brown-eyed (b) fly with a wildtype fly, and obtain all wildtype F1 offspring. You next perform a testcross between an F1 fly and a curved-wing/brown-eye fly. What are the phenotype ratios of the offspring, assuming the..
Determine which type of chromosome structure is characterized by the centromere position very near the end of the chromosome with the short arm composed of highly repetitive DNA?
Although standard redox potentials of NAD+ and NADP+ are essentially the same, and both are capable of carrying high-energy electrons, they are used in very distinct reactions in cells.
What advantage will heterozygotes have over the homozygotes. Why selection inevitably favors any gene that is good at getting into the next generation, regardless of whether that gene helps or hurts the ecosystem, the species, the group, or even the ..
A 100 ml culture bottle is filled with LB (Lysogeny broth) which has all the nutrients and plenty of oxygen to support of oxygen to support E. coli growth. By performing serial dilutions and plate count you estimated that there are 5x10^5 cells pe..
Describe how EDTA promotes the dissociation of animal cell tissue. How various genotypic and phenotypic combinations are possible in the offspring of a brown-eyed, red-haired, taster man with AB blood group (Bb rr Tt AB) married to the blue-eyed, non..
Which cell processes are usually without branches near the cell of origin?
This one requires that you think about what limits the respiration rates in states IV, III, and in uncoupled mitochondria. Which of the following situations should produce the fastest rate of respiration? Let the substrate be the same in each case..
Describe the permeability properties of the axon membrane when the nerve is at rest and the permeability properties during the production of an action potential.
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