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1. What is bacteriuria? When is it significant?2. How do microorganisms enter the urinary tract?3. Why is aseptic urine collection important when cultures are ordered?4. List five bacteria that can cause urinary tract infection.5. If you counted 20 colonies from a 0.01-ml inoculum of a 1:10 dilution of urine, how many organisms per milliliter of specimen would you report? Is this number significant?6. Is the urine colony count an appropriate indicator of the need for an antimicrobial susceptibility test of an organism isolated from a urine culture? Why?7. If you took a urine specimen for culture to the laboratory but found it temporarily closed, what would you do?8. How would you instruct a female patient to collect her own urine specimen by the "clean-catch" technique? A male patient?9. What can you learn from visual inspection of a urine specimen?10. Describe a urine transport system that allows the specimen to remain at room temperature for short time periods without refrigeration.11. What is leukocyte esterase? What is its significance when detected in urine?12. Define serum titer.13. What are acute and convalescent sera? Why must both be tested to make a serological diagnosis of infectious disease?14. What is the difference between an agglutination test and a precipitation test?15. In a paired serum sample, what test results indicate recent infection?16. What is a humoral antibody?17. Name the two types of antibodies that are produced following a microbial infection. What is the significance of each in serological diagnosis? Describe a doubling serial dilution of six tubes, beginning with a serum dilution of 1:2 in the first tube.
Describe these results by explaining how and why the introns are eliminated and proved the genotypes of Mini, Mickey and Timmy, and their children.
How does the lymphatic system transport lymph back into the bloodstream?
Describe two ways in which the respiratory and circulatorysystems have been modified in mammals that dive to greatdepths. Explain how your biceps muscle functions (at all levels) to pullyour forearm towards your upper arm. Explain how an electrical i..
energy absorbed from photon causes transfer of excited electrons from accessory pigments to chlorophyll reaction centers.
The direction of the force felt by a positive energy charge in electric field is and direction of the force felt by a negative energy charge in electric field
Point out similarities and differences in their scientific foundation. What is the mainly abundant cell type? Which is the slightest prevalent.
If a random mating population contains 15% individuals expressing a recessive trait coded by a gene with two alleles, what percentage of zygotes are heterozygous?
Outline and discuss the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. What would happen, in terms ofthe lac operon in E. coli, in the presence of lactose ANDglucose? Be specific
A female member of an animal species has a diploid chromosome number of 28, How many chromosomes in a spermatogonia?
Cells are composed of compartments called organelles. Discuss why this kind of organization helps the cell carry out its diverse functions.
An historical timeline for the major scientific discoveries that has led to our current understanding of the topic.
bioinformatic You have been given a gene sequence, which is in RAW file format. Perform the following tasks by visually inspecting the sequence using information you were provided during lectures for Module 1, Topics 2 and 3.
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