Reference no: EM133317574
Questions
1. What is the definition of tolerance?
A) Need lower dose to get the same response
B) Same dose elicits a larger response
C) Need higher dose to get the same response
D) Same dose elicits a no response
E) The drug is addictive
2. Aspirin will enter the bloodstream faster if taken before a meal than after a meal.
Acidic drugs are more ionized in acidic pH.
A. True, true, related
B. True, true, unrelated
C. True, false
D. False, true
E. False, false
3. Which statement below is false?
A) Voltage-galted ion channels have 4 subunits
B) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are GPCRs
C) Epinephrine acts on a GPCR
D) The response of a drug acting on ion channels is on a millisecond time scale
E) Drugs acting on enzymes will take hours/days to induce a biological change
4. Which of the following is False?
A. Prostaglandins have a major role in inflammation
B. The severity of drug withdrawal is inversely related to the T1/2 of a drug
C. CYP2D6 is not involved in the metabolism of tamoxifen.
D. NSAIDS can act to decrease prostaglandin synthesis
E. Chronic tolerance is the most common type of tolerance, led by repeated administrations of a drug
5. Which of the following is False?
A. Bupropion can be used to treat nicotine addiction.
B. NSAIDS act as an analgesic, but not as an antipyretic.
C. Thalidomide was a nausea-treatment that caused phocomelia in babies.
D. Pharmacodynamic tolerance is how the body deals with the drug at the site of action.
E. Pharmacokinetic tolerance is how the body deals with the handling (metabolism) of the drug
6. Which of the following statements is false?
A. Prostaglandins protect the stomach from HCl.
B. Vitamin D is a prohormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is the active metabolite.
C. Codeine is metabolized by CYP2D6, a highly polymorphic enzyme
D. The activation of the CB1 receptor causes a decrease in calcium intake and an increase in potassium intake at the pre-synaptic terminal.
E. Opioid increase the influx of Ca2+ into the presynaptic terminal to increase transmitter release
7. Which of the following statements is true?
a) Opioids can be used to treat severe diarrhea and suppress coughing
b) Opioids decrease inhibition by increasing GABA action.
c) Acute tolerance mostly shown in the Peripheral nervous system
d) The delta opioid receptor is the main receptor of focus when it comes to relieving pain.
e) The withdrawal effect's intensity is relative to the dose taken.
8. Which of the following statements is false?
a) A withdrawal effect is a series of reactions that oppose the drug's effects.
b) Phytocannabinoids are plant derived; major compounds are THC and CBD
c) Ultra-fine particles can diffuse right through alveoli and into the capillaries.
d) Retinoids are a Vitamin D derivative acting as a hormone
e) Acute withdrawal effects are often the easiest for an individual to deal with.
9. Which of the following is true?
a) The intensity of the withdrawal symptoms rises and falls unsymmetrically.
b) CYP2A4 can be antagonized to treat nicotine addiction
c) Classical NSAIDs do not block COX2, but only block COX1
d) Estrogen acts on nuclear receptors but progesterone acts on extracellular receptors.
e) Cannabinoids signal through an anterograde signaling system, a form of presynaptic inhibition.
10. Which of the following is true about drug discovery?
a. Drugs are often rejected in clinical testing due to lack of efficacy
b. Pharmacokinetics is not a main reason drugs are rejected in clinical testing
c. Antibiotic are hard to predict if they will work, thus we do not have many new antibiotics being introduced to the market.
d. Roughly, half the drugs make it to the market in the drug discovery process.
e. Enzymes are not an efficient drug target as there is considerable variability amongst individuals
11. Which of the following is true about clinical trials?
a. Phase II of clinical trials measures human safety, often taking days or weeks
b. Phase II of clinical trials focus on the pharmacokinetics.
c. Phase III of clinical trials are about safety and efficacy, and takes about 6 months.
d. Side effects are determined in Phase III of clinical trials
e. Adverse reactions from chronic use is determined in phase III of clinical trials.
12. Which of the following is true regarding drug-drug interactions?
a. They are all adverse and can often deteriorate the care of a patient.
b. Antagonism is when the interaction of the drug causes an effect that is equal to the sum of the individual drugs.
c. It is impossible for two drugs to have a synergistic effect.
d. An example of pharmacokinetic drug interaction includes drugs competing to bind to serum Fibrin
e. One drug can alter the metabolism of the other by inducing or inhibiting a specific CYP450 enzyme.