Reference no: EM132264525
1. Which of the following calculations derived from the same data set will sound most impressive?
Relative risk reduction
Absolute risk reduction
Number-needed-to-treat
No difference
2. Physicians and other health professionals can only use medications and medical devices for the labeled conditions approved by the FDA.
True
False
3. "Fair use" of printed materials includes reproducing all of the images from an anatomy book, as long as each image is used separately and for patient education only.
True
False
4. What is the primary purpose of randomization?
To conceal group assignment
To ensure statistical power
To minimize confounding influence
To ensure heterogeneous groups
5. An investigator obtains two sets of baseline readings for a study of known untreated hypertensive males. What is your interpretation of the instrument measures?
Subject First BP Second BP
1 112/76 114/80
2 110/70 114/74
3 98/60 96/58
4 100/62 102/60
5 102/52 100/50
6 96/58 98/60
Measures are precise and unbiased
Measures are precise but biased
Measures are imprecise but unbiased
Measures are imprecise and biased
6. Which of the following should be used to plot frequencies in the results section of a research report?
Bar chart
Histogram
Line graph
Table
7. Which of the following is an example of the beneficence principle?
Fair distribution in participant selection
Cautious handling of persons with diminished autonomy
Maximum possible benefit
Shared research burden
8. Which of the following is considered a mistake when creating the results section?
Summarizing the findings of the study
Presenting tables and graphs
Providing raw data
Reviewing demographic data
9. Which of the following variables is manipulated by the researcher?
Independent
Dependent
Outcome
Variable of interest
10. Writers can rewrite the written work of another without attribution as long as they use no more than three of the original author's words.
True
False
11. A study of a new therapy for hypertension (Renin blocker) is compared to a standard therapy (ACE inhibitor). The trial included 687 patients with primary hypertension. After 26 weeks of treatment. The results are as follows:
Treatment
Reduction in SBP
Reduction in DBP
p value
New therapy
17 mm Hg
13 mmHg
0.0036
Standard therapy
15 mmHg
12 mmHg
0.025
What is your interpretation of these results?
No clinical or statistical significance
No clinical significance despite statistical significance
No statistical significance despite clinical significance
Both clinical and statistical significance
12. Which of the following allows standardization across studies for use in a systematic review?
P-value
Cohen's D
Standard deviation
Variance squared
13. Investigators conducted a 5-year study to detect the incidence of neuropathy in diabetics treated with intensive insulin compared to the usual regimen of insulin. The absolute risk reduction was 6.8%. Which of the following is the correct number of patients that must be treated with intensive insulin to prevent one case of neuropathy in 5 years?
1
8
15
711
14. A placebo controlled study of ACE inhibitors in cardiovascular patients
results in the following outcomes: CV events RR=0.78 CI (0.70-0.86), Non-CV
death RR=1.03 CI (0.85-1.26), and any cause deaths RR=0.84 CI (0.75-0.95).
Which of the following is correct?
ACE was superior to placebo for all outcomes
ACE was superior to placebo in non-CV death reduction only
ACE was inferior to placebo in CV events
ACE reduced CV events compared to placebo
15. Which of the following is consistent with the reference style recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors?
Author(s). Title. Journal. Year;Volume:Pages
Authors (s), Year; Volume, Journal. Title, Pages
Title. Author(s), Year, Volume:Pages
Journal (Year), Author(s), Title.