Reference no: EM133242132

1. What is the primary physiological difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

2. Is type 2 diabetes known to have a hereditary component? Does everyone with the genes to inherit that type of diabetes actually develop it?

3. In the European study, why were the blood levels of Vitamin C and carotenoids measured instead of just asking people to report their daily diets?

4. Who was in the experimental group in the European study? In the control group?

5. What was the European study adjusted for? Why was this necessary in order to get valid results?

6. The European researchers found that increasing total fruits and vegetables by 66 grams/day reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by __________ percent.

7. The American study found that eating at least one additional serving of whole grain cold breakfast cereal per day lowered the risk of type 2 diabetes by __________ percent.

8. Both the studies used a large number of subjects. In fact, the American study had 158,259 women and 36,525 men. Why is having a large number of participants important in research?

9. The Nurses' Health Study and its offshoots (Nurses' Health Studies II and III) have been generating data for over 40 years! Information from their participants was used by the American researchers. These studies are both longitudinal and cohort. Define both of these terms in relation to scientific research, and discuss their usefulness.