What is pathophysiological basis of chronic kidney disease

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Reference no: EM133228352

Case Study

Jennifer, 58-year-old female farmer presents to her GP with generalised weakness and fatigue. She also complains of feelings of pins and needles in her fingertips. She has been a known diabetic for 22 years. On careful history taking, the GP realises that Jennifer has not been compliant to her diabetes medications for the last 2-3 years. She doesn't smoke and has no history of intoxicants abuse. Her appetite is good, and according to her she has been gaining some weight during the past few months.

On physical examination, her body weight is 65 kg, pulse is 78/minute, BP is 141/85 mmHg, temperature is 36.8C.

GP orders a few tests. Jennifer is called back to the clinic a few days later and after discussing the lab reports (shown below) with her, the GP refers her to a nephrologist.

Please answer the following TWO questions:

Question 1. What is the pathophysiological basis of chronic kidney disease in a patient with poorly controlled long-standing diabetes mellitus?

Question 2. Based on the clinical picture and laboratory investigations provided, what stage of chronic kidney disease this patient is in and what will be the main management approach at this stage?

Reference no: EM133228352

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