Reference no: EM132854336
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032047
Use this link to answer the following questions:
1. What is hypothesis tested in this study?
2. Reason of study (see the introduction on page 346).
3. description of the study in this paper; include the study type and detailed cohort descriptions (study dates, participants' information, and questionnaires).
4. what is exclusion criteria and the final sample size?
5. List the 5 lifestyle-related factors and define what the low-risk lifestyle score represents for each factor. In addition, what are the possible scores for the low-risk lifestyle factors; which score indicates a healthier lifestyle?
6. What are the covariates in this study and list them
7. how the researchers calculated life expectancy and what the measured types of mortality were.
8. Refer to Table 1 on page 349 for the two studies Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (HPFS):
a. What are participant characteristics at baseline?
b. Statistically, what do the characteristics in the first column represent, parameters, statistics, or variables?
c. Statistically, what do the values in columns 2 to 7 represent, parameters, statistics, or variables?
d. Columns 2 to 7 are labeled using numbers 0 to 5; explain what these numbers represent and whether a participant is better to be in group 0 or group 5.
Table 1 has repeated characteristics for the NHS and HPFS; refer only to the NHS results to answer the following questions:
e. In the context of this table, which are the quantitative characteristics:
f. What percentage of participants with the least healthy lifestyle factors, i.e. the unhealthiest ones, use multivitamins?
g. What percentage of participants in the unhealthiest group currently smoke?
h. For participants in the unhealthiest group, what were their mean and standard deviation age and body mass index (BMI) levels? Please show the units for each statistic.
Mean. Standard Deviation
Age
BMI
i. For participants in the unhealthiest group, determine which of the two measures, age or BMI, varies more. Please justify your answer (use 3 decimals and show your calculations).
j. Estimate the range of BMI for participants in the unhealthiest group (show your calculations).
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